Kugadzirwa kwePellet Kwakagadzikana Kwemusika Wekudya Kwemhuka dzeRuminant muKazakhstan Uchiri Kukura: Chidzidzo CheHongyang Ring Die Pellet Mill

Pfupiso yeVatungamiriri

Indasitiri yezvikafu zvemuKazakhstan iri kuchinja chimiro. Muna 2025, nyika yakagadzira matani angangoita mamiriyoni 3.7 echikafu chezvipfuyo zvepurazi—kuwedzera kwe54% mugore ra2024, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwepamutemo hwakashumwa neAPK-Inform. Dunhu reKostanay, rimwe rematunhu matatu makuru anogadzira chikafu munyika, rakapetwa kaviri goho rayo kubva pamatani 501,000 kusvika pamatani anopfuura mamiriyoni 1.05 munguva imwe chete, zvichikonzerwa nekuwedzera kwezvipfuyo zvemumba uye kuwedzera kwekuda kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika kubva kuChina, iyo yakatora 99.1% yematani mamiriyoni 1.7 eKazakhstan echikafu chezvipfuyo kunze kwenyika mumwedzi misere yekutanga ya2025.

Munzvimbo iyi yakakura, chigayo chekudya chepakati nepakati mudunhu reKostanay—chinogadzira matani angangoita 40,000 echikafu chemombe nemakwai gore rega rega—chakatarisana nedambudziko rekugadzira. Chigayo chayo chepellet chakakura chakanga chisisakwanise kuchengetedza zvinangwa zvekushandisa pasina kukanganisa kunaka kwepellet, uye nguva dzekutsiva die dzakanga dzapfupika kusvika padanho risina mari yakawanda. Pakati pa2025, chigayo chakaisa chigayo cheHongyang HYPM-series ring die pellet chakagadzirirwa chikafu cheruminant. Mumwedzi misere yakatevera, chigayo chakanyora kuwedzera kwe31% mukushandiswa kwezuva nezuva, kuvandudzika kunoyerwa mu pellet durability index, uye kuwedzerwa kwehupenyu hwebasa re ring die neanopfuura 40%. Chinyorwa ichi chinonyora mamiriro ekushanda, mhinduro yehunyanzvi, uye data rekushanda rakaonekwa.

Indasitiri yeZvekudya zveRuminant muKazakhstan: Mamiriro uye Chikero

Nzvimbo yekurima yeKazakhstan inotsanangurwa nehukuru hwayo. Sezvo iri nyika yechipfumbamwe pakukura pasi rose zvichienderana nenzvimbo yayo, ine mahekita angangoita mamiriyoni zana nemakumi masere evhu rekurima, ayo mafuro anosvika 70%. Boka remombe renyika, rinofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni masere nehafu muna 2024, uye huwandu hwemakwai ayo hunosvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri, hunomiririra huwandu hwakawanda uye huri kukura hwekudiwa kwechikafu chakasanganiswa.

Munhoroondo, chikamu chezvipfuyo muKazakhstan chaivimba nemafuro makuru, chikafu chekudya chikangowanikwa mumwedzi yechando chete. Zvinhu zvitatu zvakaita kuti pave nekuchinja kukuru mumakore gumi apfuura:

Chekutanga, mutemo wehurumende. Chirongwa cheHurumende cheKazakhstan cheKuvandudza Nzvimbo yeAgro-Industrial, chinoshanda kusvika mugore ra2026, chinosanganisira rubatsiro rwakanangana nemabasa ekudya kwemhuka uye kuvaka zvigayo zvekudyisa mombe, nechinangwa chekuwedzera chikamu chemombe dzakapedzwa zvakanyanya kubva pasi pe15% kusvika pamusoro pe30%.

Chechipiri, zvinodiwa pamusika wekutengesera kunze kwenyika. Chikamu chikuru chezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zveKazakhstan chinoenda kuChina, uko kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu uye mwero wemhando zvakasimbiswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Vatengesi vekuChina vanowedzera kuda zviyero zvakanyorwa zvemhando yepellet - index yekuramba kwenguva refu kwepellet, kufanana kwehunyoro, uye kusavapo kwemari yefaindi - mwero wakaoma kusangana nawo nguva dzose nemidziyo yekuchengetera pellet yekare.

Chechitatu, kudiwa kwemamiriro ekunze. Northern Kazakhstan, kusanganisira dunhu reKostanay, inosangana nemamiriro ekunze akaipisisa mukondinendi uye tembiricha yechando inowanzova pasi pe30 degrees Celsius. Munguva yemwedzi mitanhatu yekudya kwemhuka munguva yechando, apo mhuka dzinogara dzakavharirwa uye dzichida chikafu chakachengetwa, hunhu hwemapellets hunova chinhu chinonyanya kusiyanisa mashandiro emhuka. Mapellets anoora panguva yekubata anogadzira faindi dzinosarudzwa uye dzinorambwa nemombe, zvichiwedzera marara echikafu kana miganhu yacho yatove yakamanikidzwa nemitengo yekupisa nedzimba.

Chigayo Nedambudziko Racho

Chigayo chekudya chiri kutaurwa nezvacho chinoshanda munzvimbo dzakawanda dzekudyisa mombe dzenyama uye mabasa ekupedzisa makwai mukati memakiromita zana nemakumi mashanu kubva muguta reKostanay. Zvigadzirwa zvaro zvine mhando mbiri: chikamu chekupedzisa mombe chakavakirwa pabhari, bran yegorosi, hupfu hwezuva nezuva, uye mineral premix, uye chikamu chekurimisa makwai chinosanganisira hupfu hwealfalfa, bhari, uye hupfu hwedonje.

Muchina wekugadzira mapellets uripo wemuchina uyu—muchina wekugadzira mapellets wakagadzirwa munyika muna 2012—wakanga wasvika pakupera kwebasa rawo rehupfumi. Dhipatimendi rekutonga mhando rakanyora nyaya dzinotevera mugore rekushanda ra2024:

Nguva dzekutsiva rin'i dzakapfupika kusvika kumaawa angangoita mazana matanhatu ekushanda, zvichidzika kubva pane zvakatarwa nemugadziri wepakutanga kwemaawa chiuru nemazana maviri. Kupera kwedhiraivha kwakaratidzwa nekuwedzera kwemaburi, izvo zvakawedzera chiyero chekumanikidzwa kwenzvimbo yekushanda uye zvakawedzera simba rinodiwa patani yemapellets anogadzirwa.

Nhamba yesimba remapellet, yakayerwa uchishandisa Holmen tester (nzira yepneumatic), yakaderera kubva pa93–94% inogamuchirwa kusvika 88–90%. Kune vatengi venzvimbo yekudyisa mombe dzemufekitori, avo vakagamuchira mapellets akawanda voatakura mumatrailer etipping pamusoro pemigwagwa isina kugadzirwa, huwandu hwakawanda hwemari yefaindi hwakachinja zvakananga mukuramba mhuka panzvimbo yekudyisa uye kuwedzera kwakafanana kwemutengo pakirogiramu imwe neimwe yekuwedzera uremu.

Kuwanda kwemombe kwakanga kwaderera kubva pa 8 metric matani paawa kusvika paavhareji yematani 6.2 paawa pakudya kwemombe, zvikaita kuti pave nedambudziko guru panguva yekuodha mombe dzisati dzatanga munguva yechando kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu kusvika Gumiguru, apo chigayo chaiwanzoshanda maawa 20-22 pazuva.

Nguva yekusashanda kwemagetsi inonzi yakakonzerwa nekuchinja kwezvinhu uye kugadziriswa kwemuchina kwakabatana neavhareji yemaawa gumi nemaviri pamwedzi, kana kuti maawa angangoita 144 ekugadzira anorasika pagore.

Kurongeka kweHongyang Pellet Mill

Mushure mekuongorora kwakaitwa nehunyanzvi kwaisanganisira kuongorora simbi dzinoshandiswa pakugadzira, kubvunzana nezvehuwandu hwesimbi dzinoshandiswa pakugadzira, uye kusimbiswa kwenzvimbo dzinoshandiswa pakugadzira, muchina uyu wakasarudza muchina weHongyang HYPM-series ring die pellet mill une 8–12 metric tons paawa pamhando dzesimbi dzinoshandiswa pakugadzira. Muchina uyu wakatanga kushanda muna Chivabvu 2025. Magadzirirwo akasiyana-siyana uye kugadzirwa kwawo kwakaratidza kuti zvinhu zvakakosha pakuvandudza mashandiro:

Kurapa neRing Die Metallurgy nekupisa: Ringi inopihwa nemuchina wekugadzira inogadzirwa nesimbi ye alloy (giredhi 4Cr13 kana yakaenzana nayo, zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwayo), ine nzira yekusimbisa vacuum iyo inoita kuti huremu hwepamusoro huve hwakasimba hwe58-60 HRC uku ichiramba yakasimba kuti irambe yakatyoka pasi pemaitiro e cyclic loading e high-fiber ruminant rations. Maburi e die anoboorwa nepfuti uye obva akwenenzverwa kusvika pamusoro peRa 0.8 μm kana kupfuura pamadziro emukati, zvichideredza kukweshana panguva yekubuda kwepellet uye zvichibatsira mukushanda nesimba uye mukushanda zvakanaka kwesimba.

Sarudzo yeCompression Ratio yeChikafu cheRuminant: Zvichibva pamagadzirirwo chaiwo emuchina wekugadzira mombe—ane fiber isina kucheneswa inosvika 18–22% kubva muzvimedu zvebhari, hupfu hwezuva nezuva, uye alfalfa—mainjiniya ekushandisa eHongyang akakurudzira chiyero chekudzvanywa kwemombe che1:9 kusvika 1:10 uye 1:7 kusvika 1:8 chechikamu chemakwai ane fiber yakawanda. Izvi zvinoratidza musimboti weinjiniya wekuti zvikafu zvine fiber yakawanda zvinoda kudzvanywa kwakaderera kudzivirira kudzvanywa kwakanyanya, kugadzirwa kwekupisa, uye kupenya pamusoro pemvura—mamiriro ezvinhu apo chikafu chinopisa zvakanyanya chinoumba jira rakaoma rinovhara maburi emvura uye rinomanikidza kumira kusina kurongwa. Madhiri akasiyana erin'i akapihwa kune imwe neimwe fomura, nechiyero chekudzvanywa chakaiswa nelaser pamuviri wemvura kuti chishandiswe.

Dhizaini yeRoller Assembly: Magoko eroller emuchina wepellet anogadzirwa kubva mumhando imwechete yesimbi yealloy ne ring die, ane hunhu hwakaenzana hwekuoma hunovimbisa kupera kwakaenzana pakati pezvikamu zviviri. Kusapera kwakaenzana—apo maroller anoderera nekukurumidza kupfuura die kana zvinopesana—ndiyo inowanzo kukonzera kudzikira kwehunhu hwepellet pakati penguva dzekuchengetedza, sezvo mukaha uri pakati pe roller ne die surface uchikura uye kumanikidzwa kwe extrusion kuchiva kusingawirirani. Maitiro e matched-pair anochengetedza nip-point geometry yakafanana mukati menguva yese yebasa.

Kushanda Nezvitima Nemotokari Zvakanaka: Chigayo ichi chinoshandisa giya rinorema rine magiya ehelical akaomarara, akabatana zvakananga nemota yeIE3-class high-efficiency. Vatungamiriri vechigayo vakaverenga kuti mukana wekushanda zvakanaka wemota yeIE3 we2-3 percent point unopfuura mota yeIE1 pamuchina wakatsiviwa waizodzoreredza mutengo wekuwedzera mukati memwedzi inenge gumi nemana pamutengo wemagetsi eindasitiri weKazakhstan we22-25 KZT pa kWh (inenge USD 0.045-0.052).

Mhedzisiro Yekushanda: Data Rekushanda Kwemwedzi Misere

Ruzivo runotevera rwakaunganidzwa nedhipatimendi rekugadzira michina kubva muna Chikumi 2025 kusvika Ndira 2026 (mwedzi misere), zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakaenzana muna 2024:

Zvakacherechedzwa zvakawanda zvakakodzera kutariswa:

Kubudirira kwehuwandu hwemombe kwakapfuura huwandu hwemakwai ne6.1 muzana, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwakawanda hwefiber huri mumhando yemakwai hunoderedza mwero wepellets pasinei nekugona kwemuchina. Izvi zvinhu zviripo, kwete muganho wemidziyo.

Kuderedzwa kwekushandiswa kwesimba neanenge 15% mumaforoma ese ari maviri kunoenderana nefungidziro yeindasitiri yekubudirira kunogona kuwanikwa kana ikavandudzwa kubva pamuchina wepellet wagara uripo gumi kuenda kumuchina wekugadzira wazvino une ring die yakatarwa zvakanaka. Pahuwandu hwekugadzira hwemuchina wepagore hwematani 40,000, izvi zvinoreva kuti inosvika 92,000 kWh inochengetwa gore rega rega - inenge 4.2 miriyoni KZT pamitengo yeindasitiri iripo.

Kuwedzerwa kwenguva yekushanda kwemaawa mazana matanhatu kusvika mazana masere nemakumi masere kunomiririra kuvandudzika kwe46.7%. Maneja wekugadzira wefekitori akataura kuti pundutso chaiyo yehupfumi iri shoma mumutengo wekufa pane nguva yekudziviswa yekuzorora: kuchinja kwega kwega kwemaawa kwakatora maawa matanhatu kusvika masere, uye kuderedza kuwanda kwekuchinja kubva paanenge maawa gumi nemana pagore kusvika paapfumbamwe akasunungura maawa ekuwedzera ekugadzira makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana pagore.

Nei Hunhu hweRing Die Huchikosha paChikafu cheRuminant

Kuchera chikafu chemhuka dzinodya nyama dzerudzi rwe "ruminant pellets" kunounza matambudziko akasiyana ekugadzira chikafu chehuku kana chemumvura. Kuwanda kwefiber - kazhinji 15-25% crude fiber zvichienzaniswa ne3-5% yebroiler feed - zvinoreva kuti dhayi inofanira kutsungirira zvinhu zvinorema uye simba rakawanda rekubvisa fibrous.

Kudyidzana pakati pefiber nepamusoro pemafe kuri kwemakemikari kwete kwemakemikari: cellulose nehemicellulose fibers hazvipfuure purasitiki panguva yekugadziriswa sezvinoita starch. Zvinopfuura nemumaburi emafe sezvivakwa zvisina kusimba, zvichibvisa madziro emaburi uye zvichiwedzera dhayamita inoshanda zvishoma nezvishoma. Sezvo dhayamita ichiwedzera, chiyero chekumanikidza chinoderera, uye kugona kwedivha kugadzira mapellets akasimba kunoderera. Kuomarara kweringi—kunyanya kufanana kwekuomarara kuburikidza nehukobvu hwakazara hwemafe—ndicho chinonyanya kukosha pahupenyu hwebasa mumashandisirwo eruminant.

Maitiro ekuomesa vacuum aHongyang, achiwana kuomarara kwakafanana kuburikidza nemuviri wedhishi kwete panzvimbo yekushanda chete, anotarisa zvakananga maitiro aya ekukundikana. Kuwedzera kwe46.7% muhupenyu hwebasa hunoonekwa paKostanay mill kunoenderana nezvinofanotaurwa nesimbi yesimbi ye alloy steel pamiganho ye medium-fiber ruminant.

Chimwe chinobatsira ndechekuderera kwekuomarara kwepellet pakati pemabheti. Nemuchina wekare, kugara kwenguva refu kwepellet kunogona kusiyana ne3-4 muzana yemapoinzi pakati pedhiya idzva rakaiswa uye rimwe zuva rava pedyo nekuguma kwehupenyu. Dhiya itsva yakaderedza huwandu uhwu kusvika pa1.5 muzana yemapoinzi—zvichiita kuti kuve nyore kuvimbisa mhando uye kuderedza zvichemo zvevatengi.

Kugutsikana kweVatengi uye Mhinduro dzeFeedlot

Vatengi vepafekitori iri pasi pemvura—nzvimbo dzekudyisa nyama yemombe nedzekupedzisa makwai vanotenga mapellets ayo—vanopa humbowo hwekunze hwekuvandudzwa kwemidziyo. Ongororo yakaitwa nechikwata chekutengesa chefekitori muna Zvita 2025, ichifukidza gumi nemaviri emaakaundi ayo makuru efekitori, yakaburitsa mhinduro dzinotevera:

Vane mapfumbamwe pavane gumi nevaviri vemafekitori ezvipfuyo vakataura kuti faindi dzakaderera zvakanyanya kana mapellet atumirwa. Mumwe maneja, uyo aipedza anenge 3,000 pagore, akayera kuvandudzwa kwacho: "Kare taiona faindi dzemasendimita 8–10 pasi pematani makumi maviri nemashanu ekutumira. Iye zvino nguva dzose dziri pasi pemasendimita matatu."

Vanhu vanomwe vakapindura vakataura kuti mapellets airamba ari nani panguva yekugoverwa kwemuchina wekudya, zvichideredza matambudziko ekubatanidza mombe nekudzikira kwenzvimbo. Mafedroom mana anochengetedza zvinyorwa zvekushandurwa kwechikafu akataura kuti huwandu hwekudya hwakawedzera, kunyange hazvo fekitari yacho ichingwarira kuti izvi zvingokonzerwa nehunhu hwemapellets chete nekuda kwekuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana kwekushisa, majini, uye manejimendi emubhedha.

Vatengi vemachira emakwai mufekitori—mabhizinesi madiki achipedza 500–2,000—vakataura zvakafanana, vachisimbisa kuderedza kutambisa kwemubhedha. Makwai, sezvo ari ekusarudza kudya kupfuura mombe, anoronga uye anoramba faindi zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti ganda remakwai rive rakakosha zvikuru kuchikamu ichi.

Mhedziso

Chikamu chezvekudya zvemhando yepamusoro muKazakhstan chiri kukura nekukurumidza kucharamba kuchikonzera matambudziko aripo pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Ruzivo rwemugayo weKostanay-region neHongyang HYPM pellet mill runoratidza musimboti wakakura: mumusika uri kukura zvakanyanya, sarudzo yemari pamidziyo yepellet inofanira kuenderana nehupfumi hwese hwenguva - kushandiswa kwesimba, hupenyu hwebasa, mutengo wenguva yekushanda, uye kugutsikana kwevatengi - pane mutengo wekutenga chete.

Ruzivo rwekushanda rwakanyorwa paKostanay mill, rwakatora mwedzi misere yekugadzirwa kunoramba kuripo pasi pemamiriro ekunze akaoma uye ekushanda, runopa humbowo hwechokwadi kune vagadziri vezvikafu vari kutarisana nematambudziko akafanana muKazakhstan nemusika weCentral Asia. Kune Hongyang, nyaya iyi inosimbisa kugona kwekambani kupa mhinduro dze ring die ne pellet mill dzekushandisa chikafu cheruminant—chikamu chinoda kutariswa zvakanyanya kusimbi, compression ratio engineering, uye kugara kwenguva refu pasi pemamiriro ekushanda abrasive.