Kambani yepakati yekuRomania inogadzira chikafu chenguruve dzekutengeserana mudunhu reBanat yakatsiva chigayo chayo chekare chekuEurope chepellet nechigayo cheHongyang HYPM series ring die pellet pakupera kwa2024. Mukati memwedzi mitanhatu yekuvhurwa, chigayo ichi chakakwanisa kuwana matani gumi nemaviri paawa pakudya kwenguruve kwakajairwa (3.5 mm die), pellet durability index (PDI) nguva dzose pamusoro pe96%, uye kudzikira kwesimba rinoshandiswa patani yekudya kwapera. Panguva iyo vagadziri vezvipfuwo vekuRomania vari kutarisana nemitengo yekudya inosvika 65% yemari yese inoshandiswa pakushanda, kuvimbika uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemutsara wepelleting kwave chinhu chakakosha mukuchengetedza makwikwi epurazi negedhi.
Nzvimbo yeRomanian Swine Feed: Kumanikidzwa kweMargin uye Zvinodiwa paMidziyo
Chikamu chekudya cheRomania chiri mudambudziko guru. Sekureva kwedata reEurostat rakataurwa neInfoFerma, mitengo yechibage nebhari—zvinhu zvikuru zvekudya zvenguruve—yakakwira ne18% pakati pa2023 na2024, ukuwo mutengo wekudya kwemhuka wakakwira ne25%. National Institute of Statistics (INS) yakanyora kuwedzera kwe14% kwemari yekushandisa mumapurazi emombe ekuRomania munguva imwe chete. Nekudya kwemhuka kuchimiririra kusvika ku65% yemari yese yekugadzira muchikamu chenguruve, chikamu chega chega chekushanda zvakanaka chinowanikwa pakugadzira chikafu chinoreva mukana wekurarama.
Indasitiri yenguruve muRomania yakakura zvikuru zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neEastern Europe. Nyika iyi ine imwe yenzvimbo huru dzekutengesa nyama yenguruve muEurope - Comtim Romania, kambani yeSmithfield yakaisa mari inodarika USD 600 miriyoni kubvira muna 2004 mumapurazi emazuva ano, muchina wekugadzira chikafu chemhuka, uye nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa. Musika uyu unodya matani anopfuura mamiriyoni mana echikafu chemumaindasitiri pagore, uye kudiwa kuri kukura kunyanya muzvikamu zvehuku nenguruve. Kune vagadziri vezvikafu zvepakati vanoshandira network dzemapurazi emunharaunda, kugona kupa mhando yepellet yakagadzikana pamutengo unokwikwidzana hakusi kwekusarudza - inyaya yekugara mubhizinesi.
Zvaive nekuda kweizvi kuti muchina weBanat-based feed mill, uyo unogadzira matani angangoita 80,000 echikafu chakasanganiswa pagore chekupedzisa mabasa enguruve kumadokero kweRomania, wakatanga kuongorora muchina wawo wekuchera pellets kutanga kwa2024. Muchina wepellets uripo, muchina weEuropean-brand wakashanda kwemakore anopfuura gumi, waive uchiburitsa zvinhu zvisina kujairika - uchitenderera pakati pe9 ne11 t/awa zvichienderana nehunhu hwezvinhu zvakabikwa - uye uchigadzira pellets dzine PDI values dzimwe nguva dzakadzikira pasi pe92%, zvichikonzera kunyunyuta kubva kumapurazi evatengi nezvekubhadhariswa kwemari yakawanda muchikafu chinotumirwa.
Sarudzo yekuongorora mhinduro yeChinese Ring Die
Chikwata chemainjiniya chemufekitori pakutanga chakanga chatsvaga mumwe wevatengesi vekuEurope vakakurumbira. Zvisinei, nguva dzekutanga dzaipfuura mwedzi mitanhatu uye mari yekuvaka yaive yakaoma kutsanangura mugore rakaderera zvakakonzera kutsvaga kwakakura. Kuburikidza nemugovanisi wemidziyo anoshanda muchikamu chekudya cheCentral neEastern Europe, timu iyi yakaunzwa kuHongyang Feed Machinery, mugadziri wekuChina ane hunyanzvi mukugadzira mill ye ring die pellet uye zvikamu zve ring die kubvira muna 2006.
Pfungwa yaHongyang yaive yakatwasuka: chigayo chepellet chakavakirwa pachikamu chedhiraivha neroller chakagadzirwa nemazvo, chichinyanya kukoshesa kunaka kwezvinhu uye kuenderana kwekugadzirwa kwete kushambadzira. Dhiraivha dzedhiraivha dzekambani dzinogadzirwa paCNC five-axis gun-drilling centers, dzinoshandisa vacuum furnace heat treatment kuti dzisaome, uye dzinoongororwa ne ultrasonic pane chimwe nechimwe chinhu chisina chinhu chisati chagadzirwa. Aya ndiwo madhiraivha ehunyanzvi anoenderana nemainjiniya ekugadzirisa avo vakapedza makore vachigadzirisa kusakara nekutsiviwa kwedhiraivha.
Vatungamiriri vefekitori yekudya vaive vakangwara. Vakakumbira vanhu vanotaurwa navo kubva kune mamwe mabasa akafanana uye vakagamuchira magwaro ekushandisa uye data rePDI kubva kune mugadziri wefekitori yenguruve munyika iri pedyo yeEU (nemvumo yemutengi). Data rakaratidza kuti 11.5-12 t/h yakaramba ichibuda pa3.5 mm die yefekitori yekudya kwekupedzisira kwemwedzi gumi nemisere, nehupenyu hwe ring die hunopfuura maawa 6,000 vasati vada kugadziriswa. Nhamba idzi dzakaenderana nezvaidiwa neBanat mill. HYPM508 ring die pellet mill yakarairwa pakati pa2024 uye yakatanga kushanda muna Mbudzi.
Kutumira uye Kushanda: Mwedzi Mitanhatu yeData
Maitiro ekuisa basa akatsanangurwa nemaneja wefekitori se "asina kuitika nenzira yakanakisisa." Chikwata chehunyanzvi cheHongyang, chaivepo kwemazuva matatu, chakabata kurongeka, kufa kwakapinda, uye kuongororwa kwekutanga kwema parameter. Batch yekutanga yekugadzira yefekitori - chikafu chenguruve chakajairika - chikafu chegorosi-soya-chinosanganisira 15% yegorosi - chakawana 11.8 t/awa mukati memaawa mana ekutanga.
Pakupera kwemwedzi wekutanga wekushanda, chigayo chaigara chichishanda pa12.0-12.3 t/h pafomu imwe chete, mutoro wemota wakadzikama painenge 88% yehuwandu hwakatarwa. Izvi zvakasiya mukana wekugadzira mafomula akaomarara kana shanduko dzemwaka - muganho wekugadzira waive wakumbirwa nechikwata chekugadzira zvichienderana nekusiyana kwemhando yegorosi rekuRomania gore negore.
Zviyero zvemhando yepellet zvakakwezva pfungwa kubva kubazi rekuchengetedza mhando yemuchina uyu. PDI values, yakayerwa uchishandisa Holmen NHP100 tester (nzira yakajairwa yemasekondi makumi matatu), yakagadzikana paavhareji ye96.3% mumabatch zana nemakumi maviri akatorwa mumwedzi mitanhatu. Kutsauka kwakajairwa mumabatch aya kwaive 0.7 muzana - tight zvinoshamisa, zvichiratidza kuti kugara kwenguva refu kwepellet kwaive kwakanyanya uye kwaifungidzirwa. Mari yefines mu finished feed panzvimbo yekuisa mabhegi yaiyera pasi pe1.5% nguva dzose, zvichienzaniswa ne3-5% pasi pemidziyo yekare.
Nyanzvi yezvekudya yenguruve yemutengi wacho yakaona bhenefiti risingatarisirwi: kugara zvakanaka kwekudya kwenguruve mumapurazi kwakavandudzika. "Kana nguruve dzikadya chikafu chine chimiro chakafanana - chisingasiyane kubva pakutakura kwerori kuenda kurori maererano nekuomarara kwepellet uye fines - maitiro ekudya anogadzikana. Ichi chinhu chinoratidzwa mudata rekuchinja kwehuwandu hwekudya mukati menguva yakazara yekukura," nyanzvi yezvekudya yakatsanangura muongororo yekota. Kunyange hazvo timu yemugayo yakanga yakangwarira kuti isataure kuti kuvandudzwa kweFCR kwakakonzerwa chete nekuchinja kwepellet - zvinhu zvakawanda zvinopesvedzera mashandiro epurazi - hukama huripo pakati pemhando yenguva dzose yepellet uye kugadzikana kwekudya kwakaonekwa sekuwedzera kune responsibility.
Ring Die Pakati Penyaya
Diya remhete pacharo rinofanira kutariswa. Hongyang yakagadzira diya re3.5 mm × 75 mm rinoshanda pakureba kwekushandisa uku, ichishandisa simbi isina tsvina yemhando yeX46Cr13-grade - simbi isina tsvina yemartensitic chromium ine kabhoni inosvika 0.46% iyo inopa kusimba kwakaringana (kazhinji HRC 52-55 mushure mekupisa) uye kusimba. Sarudzo iyi yezvinhu inoratidza shanduko chaiyo yeinjiniya: simbi dzezvishandiso zvine kabhoni yakawanda dzinogona kuoma zvakanyanya asi dzinogona kuputsika kana paine zvinhu zvinokanganisa nguruve, kunyanya kana mafomura acho aine zvinhu zvine fibrous zvakaita segorosi kana sunflower meal (zvose zvinowanikwa mukudya kwenguruve dzeRomania).
Maitiro emaburi edhiziri akagadzirwa neprogressive compression profile: chikamu chekupinda chakatetepa kuti chitungamirire chikafu chakagadziriswa munzvimbo yekumanikidzwa, chikamu chevhu chakaita secylindrical chekugadzira mapellet, uye nzvimbo yekubuditsa mvura yakareruka yekuderedza kumanikidzwa kwemusana uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba panguva yekubuda kwemvura. Iyi profile haisi yeHongyang chete - inomiririra misimboti yekugadzira maburi edhiziri edhiziri edhiziri - asi kuenderana kwayakaitwa pamaburi ese kwakasimbiswa nechikwata chemuchina wedhiziri chichishandisa magauge ego/no-go panguva yekuongorora kwekutanga kwekuisa.
Mushure memwedzi mitanhatu uye maawa angangoita 3,200 ekushanda, dhayi rakaratidza kusakara kwakafanana pasina humbowo hwekuti dhayi rakatsemuka, rakatsemuka, kana kuti rakaita gomba zvisina kuenzana. Maneja wefekitori akafungidzira kuti raizoshanda kwemaawa angangoita 7,000 risati ragadziriswazve, zvichibva pakuyera kwehuwandu hwekusakara hwakatorwa pakuongororwa kwemaawa 3,000. Kufungidzira uku, kana kukazadzikiswa, kwaizoisa mutengo unoshanda wedhayi patani yechikafu chakapedzwa pasi peavhareji yenhoroondo yechigayo.
Simba Nemutengo: Nhamba Dzinokosha
Kushandiswa kwesimba ndiyo imwe chete inodhura zvakanyanya mukugadzira pellet, uye ndiyo yainyanya kutariswa nemutongi wezvemari weBanat mill. Pasi pemichina yekare, kushandiswa kwesimba pamota yepellet mill kwaive neavhareji ye19.2 kWh patani yekudya kwapera. Mushure mekugadzirisa maparamita ekushanda eHongyang mill - kunyanya, kugadzirisa tembiricha yekudziya kwemhepo kusvika pa78°C uye kumhanya kwekufa kuti ienderane nehunhu hwekufamba kwemafuta - avhareji yekushandiswa yakagara pa17.1 kWh/t, kudzikira kweinenge 11%.
Pahuwandu hwegore negore hwematani 55,000 echikafu chenguruve chakabikwa (chikamu chasara che80,000-tonne chinobuda muchigayo ndechekudya kwembeu dzehove dzinobereka), kuchengetedza uku kwe2.1 kWh/t kunoshandura kusvika pa115,500 kWh pagore. Pamutengo wemagetsi emumaindasitiri muRomania weavhareji yeEUR 0.13 pa kWh (data reEurostat ra2024), kuchengetedza simba kwegore negore kunosvika paEUR 15,000. Kunyange zvazvo kusiri kuchinja kwega, kuchengetedza uku kunobatsira zvikuru pamutengo wechigayo patani panguva iyo vagadziri vechikafu vekuRomania vari kutora kuwedzera kukuru kwemitengo yezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa.
Hunhu hweHongyang: Zvinoratidzwa neNyaya Iyi
Chidzidzo ichi hachina kuratidzwa senyaya yekubudirira kwega. Chinoratidza maitiro akabuda mumisika yakawanda yekudya kwemhuka uko Hongyang ring die pellet mills yakashandiswa: kutarisa pakugadzira zvinhu zvakakosha - mhando yezvinhu, machining akarurama, uye kuenderana kwemaitiro - izvo zvinoita kuti michina ive yakavimbika pasina zvichemo zvekushambadzira zvinoshamisa.
Hongyang Feed Machinery, iri muLiyang, Jiangsu Province, China, yagara iri kambani yakatsaurirwa kugadzira madhiraivha ering kubvira muna 2006. Kambani iyi inoshandisa michina yeCNC yekuboorera pfuti ine axis mashanu, maguchuni ekurapa kupisa kwevacuum, uye nzvimbo dzekuboorera pfuti dzine nzvimbo dzakawanda munzvimbo yekugadzira iyo inosimbisa kudzokororwa nekukurumidza. Ring yega yega isina chinhu inoongororwa ne ultrasonic isati yagadzirwa - danho rekudzora mhando iro rakajairika mukugadzira ndege nemotokari asi risingawanzoitika mukugadzirwa kwemidziyo yekudya. Rudzi rwezvigadzirwa zvekambani runofukidza madhiraivha ering kubva pa200 mm kusvika 600 mm dhayamita, ma roller assemblies, ma roller shells, uye ma complete pellet mills, zvinoenderana nemakambani makuru enhau ekuEurope neepasi rose.
Ruzivo rweBanat mill neHongyang runoratidza shanduko yakakura mumusika wepasi rose wezvishandiso zvekudya: kuwedzera kwekuda pakati pevagadziri vezvidyo vekuEurope vanocherechedza mutengo wekuongorora michina yekuChina pane kunaka kwayo kwete nyika yayakabva. Kana ring die pellet mill ikaratidza kushanda kwakasimba, mhando yepellet inogara iripo, kushandiswa kwesimba kunogamuchirika, uye rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi runopindura, kuverenga kwekutenga kunova kwakarongeka kwete kwepfungwa.
Zvidzidzo zveKushanda kweFeed Millers
Pfungwa dzinoverengeka dzekushanda dzakabuda kubva mukushandiswa uku dzinogona kuva dzidziso kune vamwe vagadziri vezvikafu vari kufunga nezvekuvandudza tambo dzepelleting:
Kutsanangurwa kwediyi kunokosha kupfuura zvinofungwa nevakawanda vanogadzira magayi. Sarudzo yechikwata cheBanat yekushanda nemainjiniya eHongyang pakuongorora magayiro ediyi - pane kungoraira mhedzisiro yakajairwa ye3.5 mm diyi - inobhadharwa inoyerwa mukugadzikana kwemuchina uye kugara kwenguva refu kwepellet. Magayiro ekudya anobata kutsanangurwa kwediyi sesarudzo yekutenga zvinhu zvinotengeswa anoita kuti basa rifambe zvakanaka.
Zvimiro zvemhepo zvinogadzirisa mhepo zvinoenderana nesystem. Tembiricha yakakodzera yekudzora mhepo yemuchina uyu (78°C) yakawanikwa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kwakaitwa mumwedzi wekutanga wekushanda. Magadzirirwo ekugadzirisa mhepo aimbovapo kubva kugayo repellet rekare haana kutamiswa zvakananga; chimiro chegayo idzva uye hunhu hwekumanikidzana zvaida kugadziriswa zvakare. VaMillers vanofanira kuronga nguva nekutarisa padanho iri rekugadzirisa.
Kuenderana kwePDI kwakakosha seavhareji yePDI. Chikwata cheBanat mill chemhando yepamusoro chakacherechedza kuti kugara kwenguva refu kwepellet kunosiyana zvakanyanya kubva pabatch kuenda kune batch kunokonzera matambudziko ekubata nekudyisa padanho repurazi, kunyangwe PDI yepakati ichigamuchirwa. Kuchinja kwePDI yemuchina weHongyang (0.7 percent points) kwakaonekwa sekukosha pakushanda kupfuura avhareji yakakwira zvishoma ine musiyano mukuru.
Mhedziso
Mumusika wekuRomania wezvekudya uko vagadziri venguruve vari kuwana kuwedzera kwe25% kwemitengo yezvekudya zvemhuka, kuvimbika kwemidziyo hakusi chinhu cheumbozha - chinhu chiri pabhajeti rekurarama. Ruzivo rweBanat feed mill neHongyang HYPM ring die pellet mill runoratidza kuti processing yakagadzikana, mhando yepellet inoenderana, uye kuchengetedza simba rinoyerwa zvinogona kuwanikwa nemidziyo inoisa pamberi zvinhu zvekugadzira kupfuura rudzi rwemhando. Kune vanogadzira zvekudya vanoongorora mari yavo yepellet line vachipesana nekuwedzera kwemari, nhamba kubva munyaya iyi dzinopa nzvimbo inobatsira yekutarisa: 12 t/h stable throughput, 96.3% avhareji yePDI, 2.1 kWh/t simba rinochengetedza, uye ring die iri munzira yehupenyu hwebasa hwemaawa 7,000. Mupiro weHongyang kune izvi waive wakajeka: muchina wakagadzirwa zvakanaka, unounzwa nenguva, unotsigirwa zvakanaka, uye unoshanda sezvakatsanangurwa.
Chiziviso: Chidzidzo ichi chakavakirwa padata rekushanda rinogovaniswa nekambani yekudya yevatengi nemvumo yekuburitsa. Mhedzisiro yega yega inoenderana nekugadzirwa, hunhu hwezvinhu zvakagadziriswa, maitiro ekushanda, uye mamiriro enzvimbo. Hongyang Feed Machinery haivimbise mashandiro akafanana pakuisa kwese. Nhamba dzese dzeindasitiri dzakataurwa dzinobva padata riripo pachena (Eurostat, INS Romania, InfoFerma, FAO Food Outlook 2024) uye dzinoratidza mamiriro emusika umo kuiswa uku kwakaitika.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-13-2026
