Pfupiso
Belarus, senhengo yeEurasian Economic Union (EAEU), iri kuramba ichivandudza kugona kwayo kugadzira chikafu chehuku. Mari yekugadzira chikafu inoita 50–60% yemutengo wezvigadzirwa zvezvipfuyo, zvichiita kuti tekinoroji inoshanda yepellet ive chinhu chakakosha. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora hunhu hwehunyanzvi hwemichina ye ring die pellet inoshandiswa pakudya kwenyama dzemombe, ichitarisa pakunyatso bhowa kwemakomba uye kukanganisa kwayo kugara kwenguva refu kwepellet. Inoongororawo kuti vagadziri ve ring die vane hunyanzvi—vanoratidzwa neLiyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd—vanotarisa sei zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi uye zvechitupa zvemusika weBelarusian.
1. Nhoroondo yeIndasitiri: Belarus neMusika weMuchina weEAEU Feed
Belarus inotenga michina yayo yekurima kubva kunze kwenyika, kusanganisira michina yekugadzira chikafu. Mumakore achangopfuura, michina yagara iri pakati pezvikamu zvitatu zvepamusoro zvekupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika, ichitevera mafuta asina kucheneswa nemidziyo yekufambisa. Mukati mehurongwa hweEAEU, Belarus inoshandisa mutero wemutero wakabatana, uye michina inotengwa kubva kuChina inogona kubatsirwa nemitero yemitero yakasarudzwa pasi peChina-Eurasian Economic Union Economic and Trade Cooperation Agreement, chero bedzi HS code chaiyo (inowanzo shandiswa 8436.10 yemichina yekugadzira chikafu) uye chitupa chekwakabva (Form E) zviripo.
Kune vanogadzira chikafu muBelarusian, kusarudza chigayo che ring die pellet hakusi kungosarudza kutenga chete—chisungo chekushanda kwenguva refu. Chigayo che ring, sechikamu chikuru chekupfeka, chinosarudza zvakananga kunaka kwe pellet, kushandiswa kwesimba, uye nguva yekugadzirisa.
2. Hunhu hwePellet yeBroiler Feed: MaParameter ehunyanzvi uye Kuyera
2.1 Pellet Durability Index (PDI)
Hunhu hwemapellet mukugadzirwa kwenyama dzehuku hunoongororwa nehuwandu nePellet Durability Index (PDI), iyo inoyera huwandu hwemapellets asara asina kubatwa mushure mekuongororwa kwakajairika. Maitiro acho ndeekuti:
1. Sampuro yepellet inotonhorera inoseferwa kubvisa fines dziripo; huremu hwe pre-tumble hunoratidzwa se $W_{\text{before}}$.
2. Sampuro inodonhedzwa mumuchina wekuyedza (semuenzaniso, Pfost kana Holmen) kwenguva yakatarwa.
3. Mushure mekudonha, sampuro inoseferwazve; mapellets asina kubatwa anoyerwa ($W_{\text{after}}$).
PDI (%) = \frac{W_{after}}{W_{before}} \kawa 100
Pakudya kwehuku dzenyama, PDI ye≥ 90–95% inoonekwa seyakakodzera kutengeswa. PDI yakakwira inoenderana nekudya kwakawedzerwa, kuwedzera huremu huri nani, uye chiyero chekuchinja kwekudya (FCR).
2.2 Mupiro weKugadzira neKugadzirisa
Mabhuku ehunyanzvi anoratidza kuti kugadzira nekukuya zvinoumba inenge 60% yemhando yepellet, nepo maitiro epellet pachawo achipa 40% yasara mukati memaitiro epellet, zvinhu zvitatu zvinodzorwa nemuchina:
- Kugadzirisa: Kupisa nemhepo uye nguva yekuchengeta zvinokonzeresa gelatinization yestarch, inova ndiyo nzira huru yekubatanidza chikafu chehuku.
- Tsanangudzo yedhiraivha: Chiyero chekumanikidzwa, dhayamita yegomba, uye kupedzisa kwenzvimbo zvinosarudza huwandu hwepellet uye PDI.
- Kutonhodza: Kutonhodza kusina kukwana kunoita kuti mapellets apwanyike, zvichiita kuti mapellets apwanyike mushure mekutonhodza.
3. Tekinoroji yekugadzira maburi eRing Die Hole: Chinhu Chinokosha Pamhando Yepellet
3.1 Magadzirirwo eMagadzirirwo eBroiler Feed Ring Dies
| Parameter | Mhando Yakajairika Yekudya Kwenyama Yemombe | Chikonzero Chehunyanzvi |
|————–|——————————-|———————|
| Upamhi hweburi | 2.5–4.0 mm | Inoenderana nehukuru hwemuromo uye mashandiro echidya chehuku |
| Chiyero chekumanikidzwa (L/D) | 1:4 kusvika 1:11 | Inoenzanisa huwandu hwepellet uye kushandiswa kwesimba |
| Kuomarara kwechinangwa | HRC 54–60 (mushure mekupisa) | Inovimbisa kusakara pasina kuputsika |
| Chimiro chezvinhu | X46Cr13 / 4Cr13 kana 20MnCr5 / 20CrMnTi | Simbi isina ngura yakawanda kana chromium yakawanda yekudzivirira ngura uye kusakara |
3.2 Maitiro Ekugadzira uye Kunyatsojeka Kwemaburi
Kugadzirwa kwe "ring die" yakanyatsogadzirwa kunotevera kufamba kwemabasa kwakatevedzana, uye kucherwa kwegomba rakadzika kuri danho rinoda hunyanzvi.
1. Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu uye forging: Zvigadziko zvesimbi zvine hutsanana hwakanyanya zvinogadzirwa kuita ring blanks. Forging inonatsa chimiro chegorosi uye inowedzera kusimba, izvo zvakakosha pakutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwemhepo panguva yekupeta.
2. Kutenderedza kwakaomarara uye kwakazara: CNC lathes inoshandisa forging kusvika padhayamita chaiyo yemukati neyekunze.
3. Kugadzirira kuchera usati wachera: Chidiro chiri pakati, uye zvinhu zvinobatsira (maburi ekuisira, makiyi) zvinogadzirwa nemuchina.
4. Kuboorwa kwemakomba akadzika (maitiro makuru): Makomba akawanda anoboorwa nepakati pedenderedzwa gobvu. Vagadziri vemazuva ano vanoshandisa michina yeCNC yekuboorwa kwemakomba akadzika vachishandisa BTA kana maturusi ekuboorwa kwepfuti. Nzira idzi dzinopa coolant ine simba rakawanda kuburikidza ne drill shank kuti igoge machipisi nguva dzose, zvichiita kuti makomba acho anyatsobuda uye kuti mukati mawo muve nepamusoro pakanaka.
5. Kugadzirisa gomba (kuburitsa gomba): Musuwo wegomba rega rega wakakudzwa nerubatsiro rwekona kana kuti nhanho. Izvi zvinoderedza kukweshana nekumanikidzwa kwegomba, zvichiita kuti chikafu chenyama chemombe chibude zvakanaka uye chiwedzere hupenyu hwebasa regomba.
6. Kurapwa nekupisa: Diyi inogadziriswa, inogadziriswa, uye inodzimwa ne vacuum. Kudzimwa kwe vacuum kwakakosha zvikuru kuma diyi esimbi isina ngura kudzivirira oxidation uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo yakachena yemukati. Chinangwa ndechekuoma kwakafanana kweHRC 54–60 pasina kukanganisa kwakanyanya.
7. Kugadzira nekupukuta kwekupedzisira: Mushure mekupisa, bhora resimbi nemeso zvinopedzwa. Kupukuta kwesimbi dzesimbi dzesimbi dzeCNC kunoderedzawo kukweshana.
8. Kudzora mhando: Dhizaini yega yega inoongororwa kuti ionekwe kuti ine mativi akarurama here, kuti yakaoma sei, uye kuti inopedzwa sei isati yapakwa.
3.3 Kukanganiswa kweMaburi Pamusoro pePDI
Nzvimbo ine gomba rakakombama kana kuti rine makomba inowedzera kukweshana pakati pechikafu chekudya nemadziro edhizi, zvichikonzera:
- Kushandiswa kwesimba kwakanyanya (kWh/tani)
- Kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwakanaka panguva yekuiswa kwepellet
- Kuwanda kwepellets kusina kufanana
Kusiyana neizvi, gomba rakatsetseka, rakaboorwa nemazvo rinoderedza kupisa kunokweshana, rinovandudza kuburitswa kwepellet, uye rinobatsira pakuwedzera kwePDI. Kune makambani ekudya eBelarusian anoshanda munzvimbo inotonhora, PDI yakawanda inonyanya kukosha nekuti pellets dzinofanira kugara dzakasimba uye dzichitakura pasina kupwanyika zvakanyanya.
4. Nyaya yeMugadziri: Maitiro eUnyanzvi uye eBasa reHongyang Feed Machinery
Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. (inozonzi "Hongyang") yakavambwa muna 2006 uye inonyanya kugadzira R&D nekugadzira ma ring dies, flat dies, pellet mills, hammer mills, uye mixers. Kusiyana nevatengesi vemichina inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, kugona kukuru kweHongyang kuri mukugadzira ma ring dies nema rollers ane mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira chikafu chehuku nemhuka, chikafu chemumvura, chikafu chemhuka dzinovaraidza, uye biomass pellets.
4.1 Hunhu hwehunyanzvi hune chekuita nemusika weBelarusian
- Kurapa zvinhu nekupisa: Hongyang inoshandisa simbi isingatsvedzeri yepamusoro (semuenzaniso, X46Cr13) uye inoshandisa vacuum quenching kuti iome zvakaenzana uye igare kwenguva refu. Kune vatengi vekuBelarus, izvi zvinoreva kuti pachava nekuchinja kushoma kwedivha pamwaka wega wega wekugadzira uye mhando yepellet inogara yakafanana.
- Kuboora maburi akadzika eCNC: Kambani iyi inoshandisa michina yekuboora ring die yeCNC inokwanisa kugadzira maburi akatsetseka uye akanyatsoiswa panzvimbo. Kugona uku kunotsigira zvakananga zvinodiwa nePDI zvemazuva ano zvekudya zvebroiler.
- Kugadzirisa: Magadzirirwo eHongyang anofa nematanho chaiwo ekudzvanya uye mapatani emaburi akagadzirirwa chimiro chemutengi. Kune makambani ekudya eBelarus anowanzo shandisa musanganiswa wezviyo zvemuno (gorosi, bhari) nehupfu hwesoya hunotengeswa kunze kwenyika, kugadzirisa uku kwakakosha.
- Magwaro emhando yepamusoro: Dhizaini yega yega inopihwa zvitupa zvekushandisa uye mishumo yekuyedza kuomarara, izvo zvinoita kuti mutengi atevedzere mitemo yehunyanzvi yeEAEU (TR CU 010/2011 yekuchengetedza michina, TR CU 004/2011 yekuchengetedza magetsi).
4.2 Ruzivo rweKutengesa Kunze kwenyika uye Kugadziriswa kweMusika weEAEU
Midziyo yaHongyang yakatumirwa kuRussia, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Syria, Iran, Egypt, Oman, neSenegal. Kupararira uku kwenzvimbo kunoratidza kugona kwekambani kutarisira zvinodiwa zvepasi rose zvekufambisa zvinhu, magwaro, uye zvitupa zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kumusika weBelarusian, zvinotevera zvinogadziriswa zvakakosha:
- Rutsigiro rwechitupa: Hongyang inopa magwaro ehunyanzvi anotsigira chikumbiro chemutengi cheGOST-B certification (chiratidzo chekuenderana kweEAEU chinodiwa pakupinza michina).
- Kutakura zvinhu: Midziyo inorema yakaita semichina yekucheka simbi inowanzo tumirwa nechitima chine makontena uchishandisa China-Europe Railway Express, Minsk iri nzvimbo huru yekuenda. Hongyang ine ruzivo mukugadzirira michina yekufambisa chitima chinofamba kure, kusanganisira kurongedza ngura uye macrating asingatsvedzeri.
- Basa rekutengesa mushure mekutengesa: Hongyang inotuma mainjiniya kuti vanoisa, vanotanga basa, uye vanodzidziswa mashandiro evashandisi. Kune vatengi vekuBelarus, modhi iyi yebasa inoderedza njodzi inosanganisirwa nekutenga michina yakasarudzika kubva kunze kwenyika.
4.3 Kugadziriswa kweMidziyo Inomiririra
Kunyange hazvo zvirevo zvevatengi vekuBelarusian zvisina kuburitswa pachena, magadzirirwo akajairika emuchina wekudya weBelarusian unoda kugadzira 5–10 t/awa yechikafu chehuku chingasanganisira:
- Chigayo chimwe chete cheSZLH420 kana SZLH508 ring die pellet, chakashongedzerwa negiya rinofambisa nemazvo uye ring die yesimbi isina ngura (dhayamita yegomba 3.0–3.5 mm, chiyero chekumanikidzwa chinoenderana nechimiro chemuno).
- Midziyo inotsigira: hammer mill, batch mixer, conditioners, counter-flow cooler, uye vibrating sefa.
- Mhedzisiro inotarisirwa: kugadzirwa kwakasimba pakukwanisa kwakatarwa, PDI ≥ 92%, uye hupenyu hwebasa hwakafanana nehwepakati kusvika hwepamusoro hwepasi rose.
5. Kukurukurirana: Kuongorora Hunhu hweRing Die yeBelarusian Feed Mills
Pakuongorora ring die pellet mill kana kuti replacement ring dies, vatungamiriri veBelarusian feed mill vanofanira kufunga nezvezvinhu zvinotevera zvehunyanzvi nezvekutengeserana:
1. Taura ruzivo rwezvinhu zvakabikwa: Ipa mutengesi fomura inomiririra (rondedzero yezvinhu, kugoverwa kwehukuru hwezvidimbu) kuitira kuti chiyero chekumanikidzwa uye patani yemaburi zvigone kugadzirwa nemazvo.
2. Kumbira chitupa chezvishandiso: Kumbira mishumo yekuyedza michina uye mamepu ekuoma kwayo. Mutengesi ane mukurumbira achapa izvi pasina kuzeza.
3. Simbisa nzira yekuboora maburi: Kuboora maburi akadzika eCNC nechinhu chinotonhodza chine simba guru ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa pari zvino muindasitiri. Kuboora pfuti kana kuchera BTA kunofanira kusimbiswa zvakajeka.
4. Tarisa magwaro ekutevedzera mitemo yeEAEU: Iva nechokwadi chekuti mutengesi anogona kupa gwaro rekuzivisa kweEAC uye pasipoti yehunyanzvi muchiRussia kana Chirungu.
5. Ongorora kuti zvinhu zvinofambiswa sei mushure mekutengesa: KuBelarus, nguva yekutumira zvinhu zvekuchengetedza uye kuwanikwa kwerutsigiro rwehunyanzvi zviri kure zvinhu zvakakosha pakushanda.
6. Mhedziso
Kutenga chigayo che ring die pellet chekugadzira chikafu chehuku muBelarus chisarudzo chakakosha muhunyanzvi uye mukutengeserana. Kunyatso bhowa kwe ring die ndiyo chinhu chikuru chinoratidza kugara kwenguva refu kwe pellet (PDI) uye, nekuwedzera, kukura kwehuku uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari yekudyisa. Vagadziri vanosanganisa kuchera kweCNC kwakadzama, kurapwa kwekupisa kunodzorwa, uye kugadzirisa mashandisirwo azvo—vakadai seLiyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd.—vanokwanisa kushandira zvinodiwa nemusika weBelarusian zviri kuchinja.
Kune vanogadzira chikafu muBelarusian, nzira yekuenda kumapellets emhando yepamusoro ebroiler feed inotanga nekuongorora kwakasimba kwe ring die. Nekutarisa pane zvinoyerwa zvinoyera - kupedzisa kwegomba, kusimba kwehuwandu hwekudzvanywa, kusimbiswa kwezvinhu, uye kugona kwemutengesi mushure mekutengesa - mapellet anogona kuita sarudzo dzekutenga dzinopa mhedzisiro inoyerwa mumhando yepellet uye kuvimbika kwekushanda.
Mareferensi
1. EAEU Technical Regulations (TR CU 010/2011, TR CU 004/2011, TR CU 020/2011, TR EEU 048/2019).
2. Chibvumirano cheKushandira pamwe kwehupfumi nekutengeserana pakati peChina neEurasian Economic Union (zvibvumirano zvemitero yesarudzo).
3. Maitiro ekuyera Pellet Durability Index (PDI) (nzira dzePfost neHolmen tester).
4. Mabhuku ehunyanzvi ekugadzira madhiraivha eringi: Kuboorera maburi akadzika eCNC, BTA uye mashandisirwo ekuboorera pfuti mumichina yekudyisa chikafu.
5. Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. magwaro ehunyanzvi emakambani uye zvirevo zvechigadzirwa.
6. HS Code 8436.10 – Michina yeindasitiri yezvekudya kana zvekunwa (kupatsanurwa kwemichina yekugadzira chikafu).
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Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-27-2026
