Pfupiso yeVatungamiriri
Belarus inotungamira mukugadzirwa kwehuku munharaunda. Sekureva kweNational Statistical Committee yeRepublic of Belarus, nyika iyi yaive nemisoro yehuku inosvika mamiriyoni 54.5 kusvika muna Ndira 2026, huku dzichiita 41.6% yehuwandu hwekutengesa nyama — kubva pa40.5% muna 2024. Pamasangano makumi matatu nemasere ekurima munyika iyi ari kuita zvekurima huku, makumi maviri ane hunyanzvi mukugadzira huku dzenyama, pamwe chete achigadzira matani 693,000 enyama yehuku pagore.
Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura rwendo rwekutenga kwemuchina wekutengesa nyama yemombe muBelarus waida kuvandudza muchina wawo wekugadzira nyama yemombe uchishandisa muchina wekugadzira nyama yemombe. Nyaya iyi inoongorora kuti muchina uyu wakaongorora sei tekinoroji yekugadzira nyama yemombe, wakaongorora kukura kwekugadzirwa kwemutengesi, uye pakupedzisira wakawana mhando yenyama yemombe yemombe kuburikidza nekubatana neLiyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd.
1. Nzvimbo yekudya kwehuku muBelarusian: Nei Rudzi rweMhete Ruchikosha
Chikamu chehuku muBelarus chinoshanda nemaindasitiri. Mutungamiri wenyika Alexander Lukashenko, vachitaura pamusangano wekusimudzira indasitiri yehuku munyika muSoligorsk pakupera kwa2024, vakataura kuti kugadzirwa kwenyama yehuku munyika kwatopfuura zvinodiwa nedzimba neanenge 60%, nekutengeswa kwenyama yehuku kwakawana purofiti ye8.5%. Kuwedzera uku kunoisa Belarus senyika inotengesera kunze kwenyika mukati meEurasian Economic Union (EAEU), asi zvinorevawo kuti mafekitori ekudya anotarisana nekumanikidzwa nguva dzose kuti arambe achigadzira nemitengo inokwikwidzana.
Chikafu chemombe chinomiririra 50–60% yemari yekugadzira huku dzemombe. Kune chigayo chinogadzira matani 100,000 echikafu chemombe pagore, kunyangwe kuwedzera kwe1% mukugara kwenguva refu kwenyama dzemombe — kuderedza faindi uye kutambisa chikafu — kunogona kushandura kuchengetedza mari yezvinhu zvakabikwa nenhamba nhanhatu mugore rekugadzira.
Ringi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha muequation iyi. Ndiyo chinhu chinoshandiswa pakugadzira chinosarudza huwandu hwemapellet, kugara kwenguva refu, simba rinobuda, uye kushandiswa kwesimba. Ringi isina kugadzirwa zvakanaka ine dhayamita dzisina kuenzana dzemaburi, nzvimbo dzisina kurongeka dzemukati, kana kupararira kwehukukutu kusina kuenzana zvinogadzira mapellet anopwanyika panguva yekufambisa, zvinoburitsa mari yakawanda, uye zvinomanikidza mota yepellet mill kushanda nesimba - zvese izvi zvinoderedza purofiti.
Kune chigayo cheBelarusian chakaratidzwa pano, sarudzo yekudyara mari muchigayo che ring die pellet chakanyatsogadzirwa yakakonzerwa nezvinhu zvitatu zvinoitika:
1. Mutsetse wepelleting waivepo, wakaiswa makore anopfuura gumi apfuura, waiburitsa PDI values ye86–89% pamhando dzebroiler — pasi pe92% yezvinodiwa nekushanda kwebroiler yakabatanidzwa yemuchina.
2. Kuwanda kwekuchinja kwema die kwakawedzera kubva pamaawa ega ega ekushanda 800–1,000 kusvika pamaawa ega ega e500–600, zvichiratidza kupera nekukurumidza kubva pakugadzira zvinhu zvisina kunaka uye maburi pamusoro.
3. Kushandiswa kwesimba kwakanga kwasvika pa48 kWh/t, zvichikonzerwa nekuwedzera kwekusagadzikana kwekukweshana mumadhishi akasakara.
2. Maitiro Ekutenga: Kuongorora Kukura Kwekugadzira Ring Die
Chikwata chevatungamiriri vefekitori, chaisanganisira mukuru wekugadzira, mukuru wemainjiniya, uye maneja wekutenga, chakagadzira hurongwa hwekuongorora hwakarongeka vasati vataura nevatengesi.
2.1 Maitiro Ekuongorora Unyanzvi
Chikwata chakatsanangura mapoka mashanu ekuongorora vatengesi:
| Chikamu | Huremu | Zviratidzo Zvikuru |
|—|—|—|
| Tekinoroji yekugadzira maburi | 30% | Nzira yekuboorera, kugadzikana kwenzvimbo, kutwasuka kwegomba |
| Kurapa zvinhu uye kupisa | 25% | Giredhi resimbi, kuomarara kwakafanana, kugona kudzima vacuum |
| Kugona kugadzirisa | 20% | Dhizaini yehuwandu hwekudzvanya, kugadzirisa maburi emhando yepamusoro yezvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvemuno |
| Chitupa nemagwaro | 15% | Kutevedzera EAEU, mishumo yebvunzo yezvinhu, mamepu ekuomarara |
| Rutsigiro rwemushure mekutengesa | 10% | Kutumirwa kwemainjiniya, kuwanikwa kwezvikamu zvekuchengetedza, rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi ruri kure |
2.2 Mubvunzo weTekinoroji yeKugadzira Makomba
Mubvunzo mumwe chete wakakosha wehunyanzvi wakabvunzwa nemutengesi wese wemagetsi waive wekuti: "Munoboora sei maburi?"
Uyu hausi mubvunzo wekutamba. Ringi yemuchina wekugadzira pellet uri pakati nepakati kusvika mukuru une maburi 3,000-5,000, rimwe nerimwe rakaboorwa nerin'i resimbi rine ukobvu hwe80-140 mm. Hunhu hwemaburi aya — kusimba kwawo, kutwasuka, uye kupenya kwemukati memusoro — zvinosarudza zvakananga hunhu hwepellet.
Vatengesi vanoshandisa nzira dzechinyakare dzekuboorera nemaoko kana kuti nemidziyo yemaoko vanowanzogadzira maburi ane roughness yepamusoro (Ra) iri pakati pe3.2–6.3 µm. Kusiyana neizvi, vagadziri vanoshandisa CNC deep-hole drilling ne high-pressure coolant delivery — vachishandisa BTA (Boring and Trepanning Association) kana pfuti-drilling tooling — vanogona kuwana Ra values iri pasi pe1.6 µm, ne maburi dayamita inokwana ±0.05 mm.
Chikwata chekuongorora chemuchina wekugadzira zvinhu weBelarusian chakashanyira vatengesi vaviri vanogona kuvepo ndokuongorora magwaro ehunyanzvi kubva kune vamwe vatatu. Chinhu chakakosha chakaratidza musiyano wacho pasi pekukwidziridzwa: Makomba akaboorwa neCNC akaratidza zviratidzo zvechishandiso zvakafanana, zvakatenderedza zvinoenderana nekucheka kwenzvimbo imwe chete; makomba akaboorwa nenzira yetsika akaratidza nzvimbo dzisina kurongeka, dzakabvaruka zvichiratidza kurongedza machipisi uye kutenderera kwedhiraivha.
2.3 Kusarudza Michina Yekudya yeHongyang
Mushure memwedzi mina yekuongorora, chigayo chakasarudza Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. kuti ive mutengesi wechigayo ichi. Sarudzo yacho yakatsamira pazvakawanikwa zvitatu:
- Kushandisa kwaHongyang michina yekuboorera maburi akadzika yeCNC ine coolant inopinza simba, zvichiita kuti maburi apedziswe zvakanaka kupfuura vatengesi vanokwikwidzana pamutengo wakafanana.
- Kuda kwekambani kupa zvitupa zvakadzama zvekushandisa (mishumo yekuyedza simbi) uye mamepu ekugovera kuomarara kwedhiri rega rega reringi - magwaro ekuti timu yekusimbisa hunhu hwemuchina inogona kutarisa zvinopesana nemutemo wehunyanzvi weEAEU TR CU 010/2011.
- Maitiro ekugadzira zvinhu asati atengeswa: mukati memavhiki maviri mushure mekugamuchira chimiro chezvishandiso zvemugayo (gorosi nebhari zvemuno zvakasanganiswa nehupfu hwesoya hunotorwa kubva kunze kwenyika, hunyoro hwakajairika 13–15%), timu yehunyanzvi yeHongyang yakakurudzira chiyero chekudzvanywa kwe1:9 chekugadzira nyama yemombe yekutanga uye 1:10 yemugadziri wenyama, zvichitsigirwa nedata rekutarisa kubva munzvimbo dzakafanana.
3. Kugadziriswa kweMidziyo uye Kuiswa
Chigayo chakatenga chikamu chakakwana chekuisa pellet chakavakwa padyo nechikamu chimwe chete cheSZLH420 ring die pellet mill (110 kW main motor, inofambiswa negiya). Odha yacho yaisanganisira:
- Madhayi maviri esimbi isina ngura (X46Cr13 / 4Cr13 grade): rimwe rine dhayamita yegomba re3.0 mm uye chiyero chekumanikidza che1:9 chekudya kwemombe dzekutanga, uye rimwe rine maburi e3.5 mm uye chiyero chekumanikidza che1:10 chekudya kwemombe dzekupedzisira.
- Seti imwe chete yemaroller ane mabheyaringi akavharwa.
- Chinotonhodza muviri chine mativi maviri chine nguva yekuchengeta masekondi 150–180, chakagadzirirwa kuita kuti starch iwedzere kukora ne30% pa10 t/h throughput.
- Chinotonhodza mvura inoyerera (SKLN6 model) uye chinovhara mvura inotenderera.
Midziyo yakatumirwa kuburikidza neChina-Europe Railway Express kuenda kuMinsk, ine mapurasitiki anodzivirira ngura uye maburi anodzivirira kurohwa akatarwa parwendo rwechitima rwemakiromita 7,500. Kuiswa kwacho kwakapedzwa mumavhiki mashanu nechikwata chevashandi veHongyang mainjiniya nevashandi vekugadzirisa fekitari, uye kuiswa kwacho kwakaitwa muna Kukadzi 2025.
Data rekutumira rakasangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira pakutanga kwekugadzirwa:
- Kuburitswa kwesimba: 10.3 t/h pa 92% yemota inorema (yakayerwa: 10–12 t/h)
- Tembiricha yekubuda kwemuchina wekugadzirisa mhepo: 86–89 °C
- Pellet Durability Index (PDI): 95.4% pamhando yekutanga nyama yemombe
- Kushandiswa kwesimba kwakanangana: 41.8 kWh/t
4. Mhedzisiro Yekushanda: Data Rekugadzira reMwedzi Mitanhatu
Mushure memwedzi mitanhatu yekugadzirwa nguva dzose (Kurume-Nyamavhuvhu 2025), zvinyorwa zvekudzora hunhu hwechigayo zvakaratidza:
| Paramita | Mutsetse Wekare (Kusimudzira Kusati Kwaitwa) | Mutsetse Mutsva weHongyang | Kuvandudzwa |
|—|—|—|—|—|
| Avhareji yePDI (yekutanga nyama yemombe) | 87.5% | 95.8% | +8.3 pamunhu |
| Avhareji yePDI (muchina wekupedzisa nyama yemombe) | 88.2% | 96.1% | +7.9 pamunhu |
| Simba rakati wandei (kWh/t) | 48.2 | 41.6 | -13.7% |
| Hupenyu hwebasa (maawa) | 550–620 | 950+ (inoenderera mberi) | +55%+ |
| Chiyero chekudzoka kwemari yefaindi (% yemubhadharo) | 8.1% | 3.2% | -60.5% |
| Mwero wekugadzirwa kwepellet | 90.3% | ≥96% | +5.7 pp |
Kudzikira kwemari yekudzoka kwemari yefaindi chete — kubva pa8.1% kusvika pa3.2% — zvaireva kuti pamatani zana ega ega emafuta akagayiwa, chigayo chakawana mamwe matani mashanu emafuta anotengeswa pane kuadzokorodza kuadzokorodza ku conditioner. Pamutengo wepakati wekutengesa chikafu chemombe uye huwandu hwegore hwekugadzira hunosvika matani zviuru makumi matanhatu emafuta emombe pagore, kuvandudzika uku kwakaratidza mupiro mukuru pakushanda kwemugayo.
4.1 Kubudirira Kwekudya Kwehuku Pakushanda Kwehuku
Kushanda kwehuku dzenyama dzemuchina uyu kwakaratidza migumisiro inoyerwa inoyerwa:
- Chiyero chekuchinja kwekudya (FCR) chakawedzera kubva pa1.72 kusvika pa1.66 mumatanho matanhatu ekukura, kudzikira kwakaitwa nenyanzvi yezvekudya kwakaratidza kuti kwakakonzerwa nekudzikira kwezvikamu zvemapete uye kugadziridzwa kuri kuitwa kwekugadzirwa kwezviyo.
- Kurema kweshiri kwakafanana pakuuraya kwakawedzera, nekusiyana kwehuremu hwemuviri kuchiderera kubva pa10.5% kusvika pa8.3%, zvichienderana nekudya kwakawanda nguva dzose.
- Kurasika kwechikafu pamichina yekudyisa chikafu papani kwakaderera zvakanyanya; zvakaonekwa panzvimbo iyi zvakaratidza kupararira kwechikafu kwakaderera ne30% zvichienzaniswa nenguva isati yasvika yekuvandudzwa.
5. Zvinorehwa ne "Tekinoroji Yekugadzira Makomba Akura" Mukushanda
Zvakaitika kuBelarusian mill zvinoratidza kuti kugadzirwa kwering die yakakura kunoratidzika sei pakushanda, kunze kwezvinotsanangurwa papepa redata.
5.1 Kuenderana KwemaDies Pakati Pese
Chigayo pachakaraira die yaro yekutanga yekutsiva ring muna Nyamavhuvhu 2025, timu yekudzora hunhu yakaenzanisa die itsva nedie yekutanga yekuigadzira ichishandisa fomura yakafanana yekutanga yebroiler uye magadzirirwo emuchina. Musiyano wePDI pakati pedie mbiri idzi waive 0.3 muzana - mukati mekusaziva kwekuyera - zvichiratidza kuti maitiro ekugadzira aHongyang aidzokororwa padanho rekugadzira.
5.2 Mapatani Ekufanotaura Ezvipfeko
Dhiya yekutanga yekumisikidza, mushure memaawa anopfuura 950 ekushanda, yakaratidza kusakara kwakafanana padhayamita dzese dzemaburi, nekuwedzera kwedhayamita kwaiyerwa pa0.12 mm pakati pebhendi uye 0.09 mm kumicheto. Kufanana uku - kwakakonzerwa nekuomarara kwezvinhu kwakagara kuripo kuburikidza nekudzima vacuum - zvaireva kuti diya yacho yaigona kushandiswa mukugadzira zvizere pane kuchinjwa nguva isati yakwana nekuda kwekusakara kwenzvimbo.
5.3 Magwaro Aunogona Kuvimba Nawo
Padhishi rega rega rinotumirwa, Hongyang akapa:
- Chitupa chesimbi chinoratidza giredhi reX46Cr13 uye kuumbwa kwemakemikari.
- Mepu yekugovera kuomarara inoratidza kuyerwa kweRockwell hardness (HRC) pamapoinzi gumi nemaviri pamusoro pechiso chedie. Kuongororwa kwekusimbisa kwemuchina wekugadzira kwakasimbisa kuverenga mukati me ±1 HRC yehuremu hwakataurwa nemutengesi.
- Mishumo yekuongorora dhayamita yegomba, gomba, uye geometry yegomba.
Iyi magwaro yaisangova tsika chete. Yakabvumira timu yefekitori yekusimbisa hunhu kuratidza kutevedzera mitemo yeEAEU panguva yekuongorora kwakarongwa neBelarusian State Committee for Standardization muna Chikumi 2025.
6. Maonero eMutengesi: Maitiro aHongyang kumisika yeEAEU
Kubva kudivi remutengesi, kubatanidzwa kweHongyang Feed Machinery nemusika weBelarus kunoratidza nzira yakakura yekushandira vatengi veEAEU. Kambani iyi, yakavambwa muna 2006 muLiyang, Jiangsu Province — nzvimbo inozivikanwa neChina yekugadzira michina yekudyisa chikafu — yakatumira michina kunyika dzinopfuura gumi neshanu, kusanganisira Russia, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, Pakistan, Egypt, neSenegal.
Kune misika yeEAEU, Hongyang yakagadzira:
- Pakeji yemagwaro ehunyanzvi yakabatana neTR CU 010/2011 (kuchengetedzeka kwemichina) uye TR CU 004/2011 (kuchengetedzeka kwemichina ine simba shoma).
- Ruzivo nerutsigiro rweGOST-B certification, kusanganisira magwaro eEAC ekunyorwa uye mapasipoti ehunyanzvi muchiRussia kana Chirungu.
- Kugona kwekutakura zvinhu zveChina-Europe Railway Express, nemidziyo yakagadzirirwa tembiricha yakakwira uye mamiriro ekutakura ngarava dzechitima dzinofamba nepakati penyika.
- Modhi yekutengeswa mushure mekutengesa inosanganisa kutumira mainjiniya panzvimbo (kazhinji mukati memazuva gumi nemashanu ekushanda kunzvimbo dzeEAEU) nerutsigiro rwuri kure kuburikidza nekufona kwevhidhiyo uye kutumira mameseji ipapo ipapo.
Kune chigayo cheBelarusian, izvi zvaireva kuti pakaitika dambudziko diki rekushanduka-shanduka kwesimba remhepo mumwedzi wechitatu wekushanda, timu yehunyanzvi yeHongyang yakaona chikonzero chikuru - musungo wemvura wakadzika pasi peconditioner waive usina kukura we steam header yechigayo - mukati meawa imwe chete mushure mekugamuchira meseji yeWhatsApp yechigayo ne steam pressure log.
7. Mhedziso
Ruzivo rwekutenga chikafu chemombe cheBelarusian broilers runoratidza kuti tekinoroji yekugadzira maburi emuchina wekugadzira nyama haisi chinhu chisinganzwisisike — ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pakusarudza mhando yepellets, kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba, uye hupenyu hwebasa remuchina wekugadzira nyama mumabhizimisi.
Zvinhu zvitatu zvakabatsira kuti mhedzisiro ibudirire:
- Maitiro ekuongorora vatengesi akanyatsojeka ayo aikoshesa kunaka kwekugadzira kunoyerwa - kupedzwa kwenzvimbo dzine maburi, kufanana kwekuoma, uye magwaro - pane zvichemo zvekushambadzira.
- Mutengesi, Hongyang Feed Machinery, uyo akaisa mari yake mukuchera maburi akadzika eCNC, kurapa kupisa kwevacuum, uye dhizaini yemadhizaini anoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinodzokororwa pahuwandu hwezvigadzirwa.
- Maitiro ekugadzira michina iyi aiona senzira yekubatanidza mapellets panzvimbo pemuunganidzwa wemichina yega yega, ine nguva yekuchengetedza conditioner uye specification ye die inoenderana neprofile chaiyo yemichina yekugadzira.
Kune makambani ekugadzira chikafu muBelarus nenzvimbo yakakura yeEAEU, chidzidzo chiri pachena: kana uchiongorora ring die pellet mill, bvunza kuti uone maburi acho. Bvunza kuti akaboorwa sei, kuti hunhu hwavo hunosimbiswa sei, uye kana mutengesi achigona kupa hunhu hwakafanana padhie yegumi seyekutanga. Mhinduro dzichakuudza zvakawanda nezvehunhu hwepellet kupfuura chero bhurocha ripi zvaro.
Mareferensi
1. Komiti yeNyika yeStatistical yeRepublic of Belarus. "Huwandu hwezvipfuyo, huku nemhuka dziri kupfuyiwa mumapurazi emarudzi ese muna 2025." Belstat, 2026.
2. Bazi rezvekurima nekudya reRepublic of Belarus. Kufanotaura nezvekuburitswa kwezvipfuyo mugore ra2024. Zvakataurwa neBELTA, Kukadzi 2024.
3. Mutungamiri weRepublic of Belarus. Musangano wekusimudzira indasitiri yehuku, Soligorsk, Gumiguru 2024. Yakashumwa neBelTA.
4. Mitemo yeUnyanzvi yeEAEU: TR CU 010/2011 (kuchengetedzeka kwemichina), TR CU 004/2011 (kuchengetedzeka kwemichina ine simba shoma).
5. Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. Magwaro ehunyanzvi hwechigadzirwa uye zvirevo zvekudzora mhando yeringi.
6. Amerah, AM, nevamwe. “Saizi yezvikamu zvechikafu: Zvinokonzera kugaya chikafu uye mashandiro ehuku.” World's Poultry Science Journal, 63(3), 2007.
7. Thomas, M., nevamwe. “Hunhu hwechikafu chemhuka chakabikwa mupellet.” Animal Feed Science and Technology, 70(3), 1998.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-27-2026
