Nyika: Mongolia
Rudzi rweMutengi: Nzvimbo yekudyira mombe dzenyama nemakwai ine saizi yepakati (mombe 8,500 dzemusoro, makwai 12,000, nzvimbo yekudyira kusvika yapera)
Rudzi rwechikafu: Ruminant complete feed pellets (yebhari, gorosi, huswa, rapeseed meal)
Zvishandiso: Hongyang HYPM-508 ring die pellet mill ine conditioner yakawedzerwa ine layer double, SFSP hammer mill, twin-shaft paddle mixer, counter-flow cooler
Kubuda Kwechikafu Pagore: 22,000 matani
Mhedzisiro Yakakosha: PDI yakawedzera kubva pa86.2% kusvika 94.6%; kuwedzera huremu hwemombe zuva nezuva munguva yechando kwakawedzera ne15% (kubva pa0.72 kusvika 0.83 kg pazuva); kudya kwemombe pagore kunochengetedza mari inosvika MNT 87 miriyoni
Kumashure
Chikamu chezvipfuyo cheMongolia ndicho musimboti wehupfumi hwenyika, neboka rezvipfuwo richisvika mamiriyoni 64.7 kusvika muna 2023, richinyanya kutarisirwa kuburikidza nekudyara mhuka dzakasununguka munzvimbo dzemafuro dzenyika dzine mahekita mamiriyoni 112. Zvisinei, hurongwa uhwu hwakakura hwakatarisana nekumanikidzwa kuri kuwedzera. Bhizinesi reAsian Development Bank rakaona kufudza mhuka zvakanyanya uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze sezvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzera kuparadzwa kwemafuro, richiti huwandu hwezvipfuyo hunopfuura kugona kwekutakura mhuka munzvimbo dzese - kubva pa106% kumadokero kusvika pa2,672% isingagari muUlaanbaatar corridor. Mushumo weADB wakaratidza chikamu chezvipfuyo cheMongolia sechinoshanda pasi pemuenzaniso we "mushandisi nemuchengeti" kwete pasi pehurongwa hwe "mugadziri nemupfuyi", vafudzi vachibata nhamba dzemhuka senzira yekuchengetedza pane kutarisa pakubudirira kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe.
Chiitiko che "dzud" — mwaka wechando wakanyanya mushure memwaka wezhizha wakaoma, unoratidzwa nesinou yakadzika, chando chakafukidzwa, uye tembiricha dziri pasi pe -40°C — chave chichiwanzoitika kana mamiriro ekunze achichinja. Pakati pa2000 na2023, Mongolia yakasangana nezviitiko zvitanhatu zvikuru zvedzud. Mwaka wechando wa2023-2024 wega wakakonzera kurasikirwa kwezvipfuyo kunodarika mamiriyoni 5.9 emisoro, kwakawanda pakati pemhuka dzakapinda mumwaka wechando dzisina hutano hwakanaka nekuda kwekusakwana kwekudya kwekuwedzera. Nzira yekuvandudza yeMongolia yeVision 2050 inonyatsoisa pamberi shanduko "kubva pahuwandu hwezvipfuyo kuenda pakubereka kwese," nePhase 1 (2021-2030) yakanangana nekugadzirwa kwechikafu chemazuva ano senheyo huru.
Basa repakati nepakati rekudya kwemombe muTöv Province, makiromita angangoita 120 kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweUlaanbaatar, rakaona kukosha kwekuchinja uku. Basa iri rakachengetedza mombe dzemombe 8,500 nemakwai 12,000 pamhando yekupedzisa kufura, vachiwana huswa kubva kumahekita 170,000 emafuro echando akagoverwa. Mushure mekurasikirwa nedzud 2023-2024, timu yekutarisira yakagumisa kuti kuvimba nekuwedzera huswa chete munguva yechando kwakanga kusisina kushanda. Vakatsvaga kugadzira nzvimbo yekuchengetera chikafu chakabatana panzvimbo yacho inokwanisa kushanda zvakavimbika munguva yechando yeMongolia, apo tembiricha yemhepo inowanzodzikira kusvika -30°C uye dzimwe nguva inosvika -40°C.
Dambudziko
Nzvimbo yekudyisa mombe munguva yechando yaimbodya uswa hwemuno hwakawedzerwa nebhari negorosi, zvichigoverwa nemaoko kaviri pazuva uchishandisa michina yekudyisa inodhonzwa nematarakita. Matambudziko matatu akabatana ndiwo akaita kuti pave nesarudzo yekudyara mukuchera mombe:
Kudzikira kwehuremu kwemwaka. Zvinyorwa zvemukati memwaka wechando 2022-2023 uye 2023-2024 zvakaratidza avhareji yekudzikira kwehuremu pazuva kwe180-220 magiramu pamunhu pazuva panguva yechando chemwedzi mishanu (Mbudzi kusvika Kurume). Mombe dzaipinda muchando dzairema 380-420 kg dzaiwanzobuda muna Kubvumbi pa340-370 kg - kurasikirwa kwe40-50 kg pamhuka imwe neimwe kunomiririra angangoita MNT 320,000-400,000 mumutengo wemusika wakasiyiwa pamunhu pamitengo yenyama yemombe yaishandiswa.
Kurasika kwezviyo. Kudya kwehuswa hwakaderera uye zviyo zvisina kusimba pasi pemamiriro ekunze ane mhepo kwakaita kuti zvipfukuto zvipfukute zve25-30%, sezvo zvidimbu zvechiedza zvaiputika munzvimbo dzekudyira zvisati zvadyiwa. Makwai akanyanya kukanganiswa, zviyo zvebhari zvakapfava zvakaraswa muchando uye zvisingasvikiki kumapoka.
Hunhu hwekudya kwekuwedzera husina kurongeka. Basa iri rakaedza kutenga chikafu chakagadzirwa kubva kugayo riri pedyo neUlaanbaatar munguva yechando ya2023, asi kugara kwenguva refu kwepellet kwaive kusina kurongeka. Ongororo yenzvimbo dzakatengwa murabhoritari yakaratidza kuti hunhu hwePellet Durability Index (PDI) hwakachinja-chinja pakati pe83% ne88%. Kutakurwa kwemakiromita anopfuura 120 emigwagwa ine matombo nejecha - pamwe chete nekupisa kwechando kwakasvibisa mapellet asina kugadzikana zvakanaka - zvaireva kuti faindi pamubhedha wekudya dzaigara dzichipfuura 18% nehuremu padzakasvika.
Chikwata chemhuka chakanyora maitiro anoramba achiitika: mombe dzine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvimedu zvakapfava dzakaratidza kuwanda kwechirwere cheruminal acidosis, chingangove chakakonzerwa nekufashaira nekukurumidza kwezvimedu zvidiki zvemakabhohaidhiretsi zvisingasviki kufembera kwakajairika. Izvi zvakaenderana neongororo yezvekudya zveruminant yakaratidza kuti kusimba kwezvimedu zvinokanganisa zvakananga hutano hwerumen mumombe dzinodya mombe.
Hongyang's Solution
Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2025, Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. yakaunza uye yakaraira tambo yakazara yekuisa pellet yakatarisana neHYPM-508 ring die pellet mill, yakagadzirirwa seinotevera:
Chigayo chePellet: HYPM-508, mota huru ine simba re132 kW, dhayamita yemukati ye508 mm ring die
Ring Die: Simbi isina ngura X46Cr13, vacuum yakaomeswa kuita HRC 54-56, dhayamita yegomba re6.0 mm, chiyero chekudzvanywa 1:8.5
Sisitimu Yekugadzirisa: Chidziyo chekupisa chine mativi maviri chakaiswa chinodzivirira steam jacket (nguva yekuchengetedza masekondi 55-70, tembiricha yekupwanya 75-80°C pakupinda kwedhiri)
Midziyo Yekubatsira: Hongyang SFSP hammer mill (90 kW, 3.0 mm screen), twin-shaft paddle mixer (1,000 kg/batch), counter-flow cooler ine insulated air intake
Kuburikidza nedhizaini: 4.0-4.5 matani/awa pakudya kwemhuka dzinodya nyama
Zvisarudzo zvitatu zveinjiniya zvakaratidza kukosha kukuru pakubudirira kwebasa remuchando:
Magadzirirwo emamiriro ekunze anotonhora. Mwaka wechando wekuMongolia zvinoreva kuti tsanga dzakachengetwa mumasilo asina kupiswa dzinogona kusvika -25°C kana kudzika panguva yekudyisa. Maconditioner akajairwa e single-layer ane 20-30 seconds haagone kuunza mash yakaomeswa nechando pakupisa kwegelatinization. Chikwata cheinjiniya cheHongyang chakatsanangura conditioner yakawedzerwa ine double-layer ine nguva inoshanda yekuchengetedza ye55-70 seconds uye steam injection pa5.0 bar — yakakwirira kupfuura 3.5-4.0 bar yakajairika inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya. Jaketi re conditioner rakaputirwa ne 50 mm mineral wool insulation uye rakaputirwa ne galvanized steel kuderedza kurasikirwa nekupisa. Munguva yekuedza pa -28°C ambient, system yakaramba ichiwana mash tembiricha ye75-80°C panzvimbo ye die inlet, zvichiita kuti starch gelatinization rates ye35-38% sezvakasimbiswa ne iodine staining tests.
Kugadziriswa kwehuwandu hwekudzvanywa kweringi pakudya kwemhuka dzinodya nyama. Kugadzirwa kwechikafu chekambani iyi — 35% bhari, 20% bran yegorosi, 25% huswa hwemusango (hwakakuyiwa kusvika 3.0 mm), 15% hupfu hwembeu yerape, 5% mineral-vitamin premix — kwakaita kuti zvive zvakaoma kusanganisa zvirimwa. Huswa hwakawanda nefiber hunoderedza kubatana kwechisikigo, nepo kukuya kwakasimba kunofarirwa nekudya kwemhuka dzinodya nyama (1.5-2.5 mm) kunoita kuti pave nenzvimbo shoma yekuisa starch gelatinization zvichienzaniswa nekudya kwehuku dzinodya nyama dzakakuyiwa. Chikwata chekushandisa cheHongyang chakaedza kwemazuva mana panzvimbo yacho nekugadzirwa chaiko kwechando, chichiedza huwandu hwekudzvanywa kwe1:7, 1:8.5, uye 1:10. Chiyero che1:8.5 — uchishandisa die ye6.0 mm ine hurefu hwekudzvanywa hunoshanda hwe51 mm — chakapa chiyero chakanaka: PDI ye94.6% (nzira yeHolmen, yakaedzwa mushure mekuomesa kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana pa -30°C kutevedzera mamiriro ekufambisa echando) nekushandiswa kwesimba re22.4 kWh/tonne pamota yepellet mill. Chiyero che1:10 chakawedzera PDI zvishoma kusvika pa95.8% asi chakawedzera simba remagetsi kusvika pa27.1 kWh/tonne, kuwedzera kwe21% uko dhizaini yemagetsi edhiziri-generator yekushanda yakanga isingakwanise kupinza. Chiyero che1:7 chakaburitsa PDI ye89.3% chete, pasi pechinangwa che90% chekushanda.
Maitiro ekudziisa madhiraivha asingaomeswi nechando. Nguva imwe neimwe yechando isati yatanga kugadzirwa, madhiraivha erin'i nemaroller aipiswa nekumhanyisa chigayo pasina mutoro, utsi huchiyerera nemu conditioner kwemaminitsi 25-30, zvichikwidza tembiricha yedhiraivha kusvika 28-32°C usati watanga kusanganisa madhiraivha kekutanga. Maitiro aya — akanyorwa mumutauro wechiMongolian-language operating procedure (SOP) yakagadzirwa pamwe chete nemainjiniya eHongyang nechikwata chekuchengetedza feedlot — akabvisa zviitiko zve cold-start die blockage zvaive zvaonekwa senjodzi panguva yekuongorora dhizaini.
Mhedzisiro
Mushure memwedzi gumi nemiviri yekushanda, kusanganisira kutenderera kwechando chakazara (Mbudzi 2025 kusvika Kurume 2026), zvinyorwa zvemukati zvekugadzira mombe uye zvemhuka zvakanyorwa zvinotevera:
Kuchinja kweMetric Pre-Hongyang (Chando 2023-2024) Mushure meHongyang (Chando 2025-2026)
— — — — —
Pellet Durability Index (PDI) 86.2% (kudya kwakatengwa) 94.6% (panzvimbo yacho) +8.4 points
Mari yekubhadharisa chikafu pamubhedha 18.3% 5.1% -13.2 mapoinzi
Mombe dzinowedzera muchando zuva nezuva -0.18 kg/zuva (kurasikirwa) +0.83 kg/zuva (kuwedzera) +1.01 kg/zuva
Kuwana kwemakwai zuva nezuva munguva yechando -0.06 kg/zuva (kurasikirwa) +0.19 kg/zuva (kuwedzerwa) +0.25 kg/zuva
Kurasika kwechikafu 27% 6% -21 mapoinzi
Simba remuchina wepellet — 22.4 kWh/tani —
Ring die throughput life — 7,200 matani (iri kuenderera mberi) —
Mutengo wekudya wepagore (22,000 t) MNT 3.41 bhiriyoni MNT 3.32 bhiriyoni -MNT 87 miriyoni
Kuchinja kubva pakudzikira huremu munguva yechando kuenda pakuwedzera huremu munguva yechando kunomiririra mhedzisiro yakakosha mune zvemari. Kune mombe chete, kuchinja kubva pakurasikirwa ne0.18 kg/zuva kuenda pakuwana 0.83 kg/zuva mumazuva zana nemakumi mashanu echando kunomiririra kuwedzera kweanenge 151 kg pamunhu mumwe chete - zvakaenzana nehuremu hwekuwedzera hunotengeswa hunokosha paMNT 1.2 miriyoni pamhuka pamitengo yemombe muna Kubvumbi 2026. Pamombe 8,500, kuwedzera kwemari kunofungidzirwa pagore kunodarika MNT 10 bhiriyoni.
Kuderedzwa kwekurasika kwechikafu kubva pa27% kusvika pa6% - kuwedzera kwe21 muzana - kunopa chikamu chikuru cheMNT mamiriyoni 87 emari yekudya pagore. Chimiro chepellet chakabvisa dambudziko rekurasikirwa nemhepo iro rakanga ratambudza huswa hwakaremara nekudya zviyo panzvimbo dzakashama, ukuwo kugara kwenguva refu kwakaita kuti pellets dzirambe dzakachena kuburikidza nekugoverwa kwemuchina weauger uye mamiriro echando.
Maringi akapera matani 7,200 emagetsi pakasvika Chikumi 2026 uye akaramba ari kushanda, nekuyerwa kwekupfekwa kwesimbi panguva yekuongorora kwemwedzi wega wega zvichiratidza kuti mapete ekupfekwa akafanana aisvika mukati memuganhu weHongyang wekutsiva we8,500-9,000 matani - zvinoenderana nekushanda kwakanyorwa munyaya yekambani yeEstonia ine mamiriro ekunze anotonhora.
Mhinduro dzeVatengi
Batbayar Ganbold, maneja wemabasa enzvimbo yekudyisa mombe, akataura nezvechirongwa ichi muongororo yakaitwa muna Chikumi 2026:
"Takafunga nezvemidziyo kubva kuvatengesi vekuChina, vekuEurope, nevekuRussia. Hongyang yakahwina pakugadzirira kwehunyanzvi. Mainjiniya avo vakapedza vhiki vari panzvimbo iyi tisati tasaina chibvumirano, vachiyera hunyoro hwedu hwebhari, vachiyedza hunhu hwedu hwekukuya huswa, uye vachiongorora zvinyorwa zvedu zvekupisa kwechando kubva mumakore mashanu apfuura. Vakadzoka ne ring die compression ratio uye conditioning specification yakaverengerwa zvakanangana nezvinhu zvedu zvekugadzira uye mamiriro ekunze edu - kwete kurudziro yecatalog. Hapana mumwe mutengesi akaita basa rechikoro iroro."
Ganbold akataura kuti huwandu hwevakafa muchikamu chekudya chemhuka munguva yechando — icho chakanga chasvika 6.2% panguva ye2023-2024 dzud — hwakaderera kusvika 1.7% muna 2025-2026, izvo zvaakati zvakanyanya kukonzerwa nemhuka dzinopinda uye dzichichengetedza muviri wadzo uri nani pachikafu chakazara chakabikwa. Akawedzera kuti nzvimbo yekudya yemhuka yakawedzera kugona kwayo kupedzisa nemisoro 2,000 uye akakurudzira Hongyang kune imwe nzvimbo iri pedyo muSelenge Province inotarisana nematambudziko akafanana ekudya kwemhuka munguva yechando.
Mhedziso
Nyaya yeTöv Province inoratidza kuti kuisirwa kwezvipfuyo zvine compound ne ring die tekinoroji yakagadzirwa zvakanaka kunogona kushandura zvakanyanya manejimendi ezvipfuyo munguva yechando mumamiriro ekunze akaipisisa muMongolia. HYPM-508 yeHongyang yakapa ma pellets ezvipfuyo akagadzikana uye anogara kwenguva refu mumwedzi mitanhatu yakatevedzana yechando nekupisa kwekunze kusvika -35°C, zvichiita kuti basa iri rishandure kudzikira kwehuremu kwemwaka kuita kuwedzera huremu nguva dzose. Miti mitatu yehunyanzvi yekubudirira - kuwedzera kugadzikana kwezvinhu zvakabikwa zvakachengetwa muchando, kuenderana kwehuwandu hwekumanikidzwa kwezvipfuyo zvekudya zvine fiber yakawanda, uye maitiro ekushanda asingaomerwi nechando - zvinopa chirevo chinogona kudzokororwa chekuvandudzwa kwechikamu chikuru chezvipfuyo muMongolia pasi peVision 2050.
Nyaya iyi inoratidzawo chidzidzo chakakura chekutenga michina yezvikafu mukusimudzira hupfumi hwezvipfuyo: kukosha kweinjiniya yekushandisa kunopfuura zvinodiwa mucatalog. Sezvo musika wezvikafu zvemuMongolia uchikura — 6Wresearch inofungidzira kuti chikamu ichi chichakura zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika muna 2031, zvichikonzerwa nekukurudzira kwehurumende kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwakasimba — vatengesi vemidziyo vanoisa mari mukuongorora maitiro ekugadzira panzvimbo uye mainjiniya anoenderana nemamiriro ekunze vachave vakagadzirira kutsigira shanduko yenyika kubva kumafuro makuru kuenda kumasystem ekudya anobereka uye akasimba.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-27-2026
