Pfupiso yeVatungamiriri
Mexico ndiyo nyika yechitanhatu pakukura kwemubereko wemazai pasi rose, ichiburitsa matani mamiriyoni 3.27 emazai muna 2024, uye ine rekodhi yepasi rose yekushandiswa kwemazai pamunhu mumwe nemumwe nemazai mazana matatu nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri pagore. Shure kwenhamba idzi kune indasitiri yezvikafu inoburitsa matani mamiriyoni 7.7 echikafu chemhando yepamusoro pagore - chikamu chechipiri pakukura chehuwandu hwezvikafu zveMexico zvinosvika mamiriyoni makumi mana nerimwe ematani. Pakushanda kwemhando yepamusoro, kugara kwechikafu kwakafanana hakusi kwesarudzo: kuchinja-chinja kwemhando yepellet kunokanganisa zvakananga kufanana kwehukuru hwezai, simba reganda, uye kubereka kwehuku.
Chidzidzo ichi chinoongorora chigayo chekudya chema layer feed muJalisco, nyika huru muMexico inogadzira mazai, chakatsiva chigayo chepellet chakasakara neHongyang ring dies kutanga kwa2025. Mumwedzi gumi nemiviri, chigayo ichi chakachengetedza matani masere paawa imwe neimwe ine pellet durability index (PDI) nguva dzose pamusoro pe94%, yakaderedza nguva yekushanda neanenge 30%, uye yakashuma kuti saizi yezai yakavandudzwa zvikuru kubva kune vatengi vayo vema layer.
1. Bhizinesi reMazai muMexico: Chiyero uye Kukosha
Huku dzemuMexico inyaya huru yekuchengetedzwa kwechikafu chenyika. Huku dzinokwana mamiriyoni zana nemakumi manomwe nematatu munyika iyi — boka guru rehuku muLatin America — dzinobereka mazai anodyiwa nehuwandu hwakanyanya hwemunhu chero kupi zvako pasi rose. Sekureva kweMexican Poultry Producers Association (UNA), munhu wekuMexico anowanzo dya mazai mazana matatu nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri pagore, pamberi peColombia iri panzvimbo yechipiri ine mazai mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe nerimwe.
Indasitiri iyi yakakamurwa pakati pemakambani makuru akabatana nemaoko pamwe nemakambani ekutengeserana akazvimirira. PROAN, ine mazai emamiriyoni makumi matatu nemana, ndiyo kambani yechipiri pakukura kwemazai pasi rose. Bachoco, kambani inotungamira huku dzakasiyana-siyana, ine mazai emamiriyoni gumi nemaviri nehafu pamwe chete nebhizinesi rayo guru rekuvhiya huku. Empresas Guadalupe, El Calvario, naGena Agropecuaria imwe neimwe inotarisira mazai emamiriyoni gumi kana kupfuura. Pasi pemaindasitiri aya, akawanda emafekitori ekudya epakati anopa mapurazi emafuta epakati nepakati muJalisco, Guanajuato, Puebla, neNuevo León.
Indasitiri yezvikafu yeMexico yakaburitsa matani mamiriyoni makumi mana nerimwe muna 2024, iri pachinzvimbo chechishanu pasi rose mushure meChina, United States, Brazil, neIndia, sekureva kweMexican Feed Council (Confab). Zvikafu zveLayer zvine matani mamiriyoni manomwe nemazana manomwe nemanomwe (7.7 million metric tonnes) — chinoda kusvika chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chezvikafu zvinogadzirwa munyika. Conafab inofungidzira kukura kwe2.8% mukugadzirwa kwechikafu cheLayer muna 2025, kusvika pamamiriyoni mazana manomwe nemazana mapfumbamwe ematani, zvichikonzerwa nekudiwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa munyika uye mikana yekutengesera kunze kwenyika.
Mexico inotenga zviyo zvayo zvinosvika 74% kubva kuUnited States, kunyanya chibage, zvichiita kuti ive nyika huru inotenga chibage kubva kuUS. Nekunge zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvichiwedzera mari yekushandisa, kushanda zvakanaka kwezvigayo zvekudyisa chikafu kwave chinhu chakakosha pakukwikwidzana.
2. Mutengi: Chigayo cheJalisco Layer Feed Mill
Muchidzidzo ichi, chigayo ichi chinoshandiswa mukutengeserana chiri munzvimbo yeLos Altos yeJalisco, nzvimbo huru yekubudisa mazai muMexico. Chinogadzira matani angangoita 2,500 echikafu chemazino pamwedzi, zvichishandira mapurazi emazai akazvimiririra ari munzvimbo ine makiromita zana. Chigayo ichi chinoshandisa mitsetse miviri yemichina yekugaya mazai - chimwe chakagadzirirwa chikafu chemazino chechikamu chekutanga (calcium yakawanda, texture yakaoma) uye chimwe chekudya kwechikamu chechipiri nechikamu chechitatu.
Hongyang isati yatanga kushanda muna 2025, chigayo ichi chaive chichishanda nemagetsi kubva kumutengesi wekuEurope pamutsetse wayo wekutanga wekugadzira, chigayo chepellet chakayerwa ne8 t/awa. Maneja wekugadzirisa chigayo ichi akataura matambudziko maviri airamba aripo. Chekutanga, hupenyu hwechigayo hwakanga hwapfupika kusvika kumaawa angangoita 2,500 ekushanda - angangoita mwedzi mitanhatu pahuwandu hwekugadzira chigayo ichi - PDI isati yadzikira pasi pe88%. Chechipiri, simba remagetsi rakachinja-chinja pakati pe6.5 ne7.8 t/awa zvichienderana nekusakara kwechigayo, zvichikanganisa kuronga kwekugadzira uye zvichimanikidza kuchinja kwenguva yekuwedzera panguva yekudiwa kwakanyanya.
Pachigayo chekudyisa huku, PDI inokosha zvakasiyana nekushanda kwehuku dzehuku. Huku dzinodya huku dzinodya huku kwenguva yakareba - kazhinji mavhiki makumi mashanu nemaviri kusvika makumi masere - uye kunaka kwepellets kunoguma nekurasikirwa kwakanyanya uko huku dzinosarudza kudzivirira. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kusaenzana kwezvinovaka muviri, kuderera kwehukuru hwezai, uye pakupedzisira mari shoma pahuku imwe neimwe inochengetwa. Tsvagiridzo inogara ichiratidza kuti PDI iri pasi pe85% inoenderana nekuderera kunoyerwa mukugadzirwa kwehuku uye kuenzana kwehuremu hwezai (Abadi et al., 2019; Abdollahi et al., 2013).
3. Maitiro aHongyang: Precision Ring Die Engineering
Chikwata chekutenga chemufekitori chakaongorora ma ring dies kubva kuvagadziri vatatu vasati vasarudza Hongyang. Maitiro ekuongorora aive: kureba kwenguva refu pasi pemamiriro ekudya ane calcium yakawanda, abrasive layer; kugadzikana kwe throughput muhupenyu hwese hwebasa re dies; uye kugona kwekutsigira tekinoroji kwemutengesi wekugadzirisa compression ratio.
Hongyang akapa zano rekuti ring die yakagadzirwa nemaoko ake ine zvinotevera:
Yakaenzana nemuenzaniso wepellet mill uripo
Yakagadzirirwa kudya kwechikamu chekutanga chedanho repamusoro ine calcium 3.8–4.2% uye 15–16% crude protein
Dhizaini yekubatsira ine matanho akawanda kuderedza kupisa nekukakavara uye kushandiswa kwesimba
Simbi ine chromium alloy ine vacuum hardiness kusvika Rockwell hardness 58–62 HRC
Rakakweshwa negirazi kusvika Ra ≤ 0.4 μm
Kusarudzwa kwehuwandu hwekumanikidzwa kwakakosha zvikuru. Kudya kwezvikamu zvine calcium yakawanda (kazhinji 3.5–4.5%) kubva mukuwedzera kwe limestone ne oyster shell, izvo zvinokwenya uye zvinokurumidzisa kupera kwekufa. Huwandu hwekumanikidzwa hwakaderera hunogadzira mapellets asina simba; akawandisa anogadzira kupisa kwakanyanya, zvinoderedza mavhitamini nemaamino acids anonzwa kupisa. Chikwata chehunyanzvi chaHongyang chakashanda nenyanzvi yezvekudya yemugayo kuti vaenzanise huwandu hwakanaka hweL/D zvichibva pane huwandu hwemafuta, huwandu hwefiber, uye kugoverwa kwehukuru hwezvikamu.
Machira akaumbwa panzvimbo yeHongyang muLiyang, Jiangsu, achishandisa michina yekuboorera pfuti yeCNC uye mitsetse yekurapa kupisa kwevacuum. Machira ese akaongororwa nePDI pamichina yekuedza pellet ichishandisa diet yemhando yepamusoro isati yatumirwa.
4. Mhedzisiro: Data reMashandiro emwedzi gumi nemiviri
Madhiri eHongyang ring akaiswa muna Kukadzi 2025. Chigayo ichi chakaongorora mashandiro akakosha mumwedzi gumi nemiviri yakatevera ndokuaenzanisa nenguva yemwedzi gumi nemiviri yapfuura nemadhiri eEurope.
| Chiyero | Pre-Hongyang (2024) | Post-Hongyang (2025) | Chinja |
|---|---|---|---|
| Avhareji yekushandiswa kwemagetsi | 7.1 t/awa | 8.0 t/awa | +12.7% |
| Kugadzikana kwemuchina (nzvimbo) | 6.5–7.8 t/awa | 7.8–8.2 t/awa | Kutsauka kwakapetwa nehafu |
| PDI (avhareji yemwedzi) | 89.2% | 94.6% | +5.4 pp |
| Hupenyu hwebasa rekufa | ~maawa 2,500 | >3,200 maawa (zviri kuenderera mberi) | +28% zvishoma |
| Nguva yekuzorora isina kurongwa | ~Maawa gumi nemasere/mwedzi | ~maawa gumi nemaviri/mwedzi | -33% |
| Kushandiswa kwesimba (kWh/t) | 16.8 | 15.1 | -10.1% |
Kubudirira kukuru kwekushanda kwaive kugadzikana kwekushanda. Nema "dies" ekare, kugona kwekugadzira kwakadzikira zvakanyanya mushure memaawa angangoita 1,200 ekushanda sezvo kusakara kwemaburi kwakawedzera, zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka kwekumanikidzwa. Ma "dies" eHongyang akaramba aine maburi akafanana nemaawa anopfuura 3,000, zvichiita kuti chigayo chishande nehurongwa hwekushanda kwe "shift" imwe chete nenzira yakavimbika - zvichibvisa kudiwa kwe "overtime" uye kuderedza mari yevashandi.
Kushandiswa kwesimba kwakadzikira neinenge 10%, zvichikonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwegomba rine matanho akawanda rinoderedza kupesana kwekukweshana panguva yekuumbwa kwepellet. Pamutengo wemagetsi emumaindasitiri muMexico — pakati pehuwandu hwepamusoro muLatin America — izvi zvinoshandurwa kuva mari inoyerwa pamwedzi.
Rabhoritari yekudzora hunhu hwechigayo yakashuma kuti PDI yaisvika paavhareji ye94.6% pamasampuli emwedzi wega wega, zvichienzaniswa ne89.2% kare. Mari yefaindi pagedhi repurazi yakaderera kubva pa6.5% kusvika pasi pe3%, chiyero chakakosha chekushanda kwefaindi apo faindi dzinomiririra kurasikirwa kwehupfumi uye zvinogona kukonzera kusaenzana kwemabasa eboka.
5. Mhinduro dzeVatengi uye Kukanganisa Kwavanoita
Maneja mukuru wefekitori akaona kuvandudzwa kutatu kwehunhu kupfuura zviyero zvehuwandu:
Zvichemo zvevatengi nezvehunhu hwemapellets — kunyanya kuparara kwechikafu mumasystem ekudyisa otomatiki — zvakaderera zvakanyanya. Chigayo ichi chinoshandira mapurazi achishandisa macheni ekudyisa nemapani, ese ari maviri anoisa mapellets musimba remakanika. PDI yakakwira yaireva kuti faindi shoma dzaiunganidzwa muzvikafu, zvichideredza marara uye basa rekuchenesa varimi.
Vatengi vakawanda vakabatanidza mazai vakataura kuti huremu hwemazai hwakafanana, izvo zvavakati zvinokonzerwa nekudya kwakawanda nguva dzose. Kunyange zvazvo chigayo ichi chisingadzore zvinhu zvakaita sedzimba, mhepo inofefetera, kana hutano, hukama huripo pakati pemhando yepellet yakagadzikana uye kushanda kwemapoka emhuka kwakagadzikana hwakanyorwa zvakanaka mumabhuku esainzi yehuku.
Chikwata chekugadzirisa simbi chakaonga kudzikira kwekuchinja kwemadhiyi. Kuchinja kwemadhiyi kwega kwega kunoda maawa mana kusvika matanhatu ekushanda kwekugadzira kuti pave nekupwanywa, kuchenesa, uye kugadziriswazve. Kuwedzera hupenyu hwedhiyi ne28% kwakareva kukanganiswa kushoma uye kuronga kwekugadzirisa kwaifungidzirwa.
6. Mamiriro Eindasitiri: Nei Kugadzirwa Kwechikafu Chakagadzikana Kuchikosha
Muindasitiri yeMexico inokwikwidzana nekugadzira mazai, chikafu chinomiririra mari inosvika 60–70% yemari yese inodiwa pakugadzira mazai. Zviyo zvinotengwa kunze kwenyika zvinotora zvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvezviyo zvekushandisa uye zvichikanganisa mwero wekutsinhana kwemari, makambani ekugadzira haakwanise kubhadhara mari yekusashanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira mazai ayo anotambisa zvinogadzirwa kana kukanganisa kunaka kwezvinobuda.
Zvigayo zvekudyisa zvekudya zveMexico zvinosvika 623 — 230 zvakabatanidzwa uye 393 zvekutengeserana — zvinoshanda ne86% yehuwandu hwazvo hwematani 47.4 miriyoni, zvichienderana nedata reConfab. Muganho uripo pakati pekushanda nekubudirira uye kurasikirwa unowanzo tsanangurwa nekuvimbika kwemidziyo uye kuenderana kwemaitiro.
Kune mafekitori ekutengesa anopa mapurazi akazvimiririra, mhando yemapellets inosiyanisa zvakananga nemakwikwi. Varimi vanowana mapellets anogara kwenguva refu uye akasimba vanowana kuvharika kushoma kwehurongwa hwekudyisa, kutambisa chikafu kushoma, uye kubuda kwemazai kwakafanana - zvese izvi zvinosimbisa kuchengetedza vatengi vefekitori.
7. Mhedziso
Chidzidzo ichi chemwedzi gumi nemiviri chinoratidza kuti ring yakagadzirwa nemazvo inofa — ine huwandu hwakanaka hwekudzvanywa, simbi yepamusoro, uye hunyanzvi hwemaburi akawanda — inopa kuvandudzwa kunoyerwa mukugadzikana kwemuchina, kugara kwenguva refu kwepellet, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba rekugadzira chikafu che layer feed.
KuHongyang, kuiswa kweJalisco kunosimbisa maitiro ekambani pakugadzira madhiri anoenderana nevatengi. Pane kupa madhiri eringi anokodzera saizi imwe chete, maitiro aHongyang ekusarudza kumanikidzwa kwehuwandu hwekugadzira uye kugadzirisa dhizaini yemadhiri anotarisana nematambudziko chaiwo emhando yega yega yekudyisa - muchiitiko ichi, kudya kwe layer kune calcium yakawanda uye abrasive.
Kubvira ipapo, chigayo ichi chakatenga ma "ring dies" emhando yechipiri yekugadzira uye chiri kutsvaga ma "roller shell" eHongyang kuti chiwedzere kushanda zvakanaka kwe "compression zone" ye "pellet mill".
Manyuko & Mareferensi
- Sangano reChikafu neKurima (FAO). Kugadzirwa Kwemazai — Mexico, 2024. Helgi Library / FAOSTAT.
- Consejo Nacional de Fabricantes de Alimentos Balanceados (Conafab). Mexican Feed Indasitiri Yegore Compendium, 2024–2025. Zvakataurwa kuburikidza neFeed Strategy.
- Union Nacional de Avicultores (UNA). Mexican Poultry Producers Association - Layer Population uye Per Capita Consumption Data.
- Watt Global Media / Industria Avicola. Makambani Epamusoro Egg muMexico, 2019-2020 Rankings.
- Abadi et al. (2019). Kugara kwenguva refu kwepellet uye mashandiro ehuku dzenyama: Kuongorora kwakadzama.Sainzi yeHuku.
- Abdollahi et al. (2013). Kuchera kwekudya kwenyama dzemombe: Pfupiso ine kusimbiswa kwemhando yenyama dzemombe uye kukosha kwekudya.Sainzi neTekinoroji yeZvekudya zveMhuka.
- Amerah et al. (2007). Saizi yezvidimbu zvechikafu: Zvinoreva kugaya uye mashandiro ehuku.Chinyorwa cheSainzi yeHuku dzeNyika.
- Cutlip et al. (2008). Mhedzisiro yemhando yepellets yekudya pakushanda zvakanaka kwenyama yemombe.Chinyorwa Chetsvagurudzo Yehuku Dzakashandiswa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-30-2026
