Pfupiso yeMutungamiriri
Chikamu chekudya kwehuku muIndia chinoburitsa matani angangoita mamiriyoni makumi mana echikafu chakasanganiswa pagore, chikafu chehuku chebroiler chichitora 66% yemusika wese. Semugadziri wenyama yehuku wechishanu pakukura pasi rose ane matani mamiriyoni 9.77, vanobatanidza huku muIndia vanoshanda pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uko kushanda kwekuchinja chikafu - kuchikanganiswa zvakananga nehunhu hwepellet - kunosarudza purofiti [1].
Chidzidzo ichi chinoongorora kuti muchina wekugadzira huku wepakati muTamil Nadu wakagadzirisa sei kusawirirana kwenguva refu kwekugadzirwa kwemhuka nekushandisa muchina weHongyang HYPM-508 ring die pellet senzvimbo huru yemuchina wekugadzira chikafu wakagadziriswazve. Kwemwedzi makumi maviri yekushanda, muchina uyu wakaramba uine Pellet Durability Index (PDI) iri pamusoro pe94%, wakapa simba rakasimba rematani 6.5 paawa, uye wakanyora kuti hapana nguva yekubuda isina kurongwa inokonzerwa nekukundikana kwemuchina uyu - mhedzisiro inoratidza hunhu hweinjiniya hwemidziyo yeHongyang uye maitiro ekambani ekutaurirana usati watengesa uye kutanga kushanda panzvimbo.
1. Mamiriro Eindasitiri: Chikamu Chekudya Kwehuku muIndia
Indasitiri yezvikafu zvemuIndia ine kukosha kweinenge mabhiriyoni gumi nemasere emadhora ekuAmerica kusvika mugore ra2025, nefungidziro inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nemashanu emadhora ekuAmerica panosvika gore ra2030 pamwero wekukura kwe7.0% pagore [2]. Chikafu chehuku ndicho chiri kutonga nyika: chikafu chehuku chega chinoumba 66% yemusika, zvichitungamirwa nemakambani akabatana anodzora anenge 80% yekugadzirwa kwenyama yehuku yakarongwa.
Tamil Nadu iri pakati penyika ina dzepamusoro muIndia dzinogadzira huku, pamwe chete neAndhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, neHaryana. Nzvimbo yeNamakkal-Salem iri kumadokero kweTamil Nadu ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzine huku dzakawanda muAsia, ine nzvimbo dzinotengesa chikafu dzinopfuura 1,200 uye inotsigira huwandu hweshiri dzinopfuura mamiriyoni 150 panguva imwe chete. Munzvimbo iyi ine makwikwi akawanda, shiri dzinobatanidza huku dzinokwikwidzana pamutengo wekudya pakirogiramu yehuremu hwemhuka - chiyero apo mhando yepellet inoita basa guru.
Tsvagiridzo yakaburitswa muIndian Journal of Poultry Science yakaratidza kuti kudya kwenyama dzemombe dzakabikwa mupellet kunovandudza kudya kwenyama ne3-5% uye kunoderedza marara enyama kusvika ku12% zvichienzaniswa nekudya kwemhuka dzakabikwa mupest. Kune integrator inogadzira matani zviuru makumi maviri echikafu pagore, kuwedzera kwe5% mukushanda zvakanaka kwenyama yemombe kunoreva kuti inenge matani chiuru echikafu anochengetwa - pamitengo yechibage cheIndia yeINR 22-24 pakirogiramu, izvi zvinomiririra kuchengetedza kunodarika INR mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemaviri (USD 265,000) pagore.
2. Dambudziko reMutengi
Shri Balaji Feeds, kambani inobatanidza huku dzemombe dziri pedyo neNamakkal, Tamil Nadu, ine hurongwa hwekugadzira huku dzakabatana nepurazi revabereki, nzvimbo yekuberekesa, varimi vehuru dzemombe zana nemakumi masere, uye nzvimbo yekuchengetera huku dzemombe dzinogadzira matani zviuru makumi maviri nemana echikafu chakasanganiswa pagore (nhamba ya2024). Kambani iyi inotengesa shiri dziri mhenyu pasi pezvibvumirano zvenguva refu nevanogadzirisa shiri dzemunharaunda uye ine mukurumbira wekuenzana kwehuremu hweshiri - hunhu hwakabatana zvakananga nekuenzana kwepellets dzechikafu.
Pakupera kwegore ra2023, tambo yekuchembera yepellets yefed mill yakaunza matambudziko matatu ekushanda:
Kuburitswa kwemafuta kusina kugadzikana. Chigayo chepellet chiripo, chigayo che90 kW chakagadzirwa munyika chakaiswa muna 2016, chakaburitsa simba remagetsi raifamba pakati pe3.8 ne5.2 tonnes paawa ye3.5mm broiler finisher pellet. Vashandi vakati kuchinja uku kwakakonzerwa nekudzvanywa kwemadie - sezvo ring die yaipfekwa zvisina kuenzana pamusoro pebasa rayo, kufamba kwezvinhu kwaisiyana, zvichiita kuti zvigadziriswe nemaoko nguva nenguva kuti zvienderane nekumhanya kwemuchina uye kumanikidzwa kwemhepo.
Hunhu hwepellet huri kudzikira. Kuongororwa kwePDI nguva dzose uchishandisa nzira yeASAE S269.4 tumbling kwakadzosa kukosha kuri pakati pe86% ne90%, nguva dzose pasi pe92% yemhando yemukati yeintegrator. Kugadzirwa kwemari panzvimbo yekuisa mabhegi kwakasvika 7-9% nehuremu, zvichiita kuti chigayo chishandise imwe scalper uye kudzokorodza mari yepellet kuburikidza nepellet press - tsika yakawedzera kushandiswa kwesimba uye yakaunza kusiyana kwekuoma kwepellet nekuda kwekugadzirisazve starch gelatinization.
Kuchinjana ring die kakawanda. Ring die yaida kutsiviwa mwedzi 9-11 yega yega. Kuchinjana kwega kwega kwakatora mazuva maviri akazara ekugadzira, umo musanganiswa wacho aimanikidzwa kutenga chikafu chekutengesa nemutengo wepamusoro weinenge INR 3,500 patani. Mugore rakajairika, izvi zvaisvika INR 1.4 miriyoni mumari yekuwedzera yekutenga, tisingabatanidzi mutengo weINR 380,000 wering die yekutsiva.
“Muchina wekugadzira pellet ndiwo waiva musimboti webasa redu rese,” akadaro maneja wekugadzira fekitari. “Pawaifamba zvakanaka, zvese zvaifamba zvakanaka. Pawainetseka, tainzwa kukanganiswa kubva panzvimbo yekuberekesa mbesa kusvika panzvimbo yekugadzira mbesa.”
3. Kuongorora uye Kusarudza Midziyo
Pakati paNdira naKurume 2024, Shri Balaji Feeds yakaongorora sarudzo dzekutsiva kubva kune vatengesi vana: mugadziri mumwe wekuIndia, rudzi rumwe rwekuEurope rwunomiririrwa nemutengesi wemuno, uye vatengesi vaviri vekuChina vanotumira kunze kwenyika, kusanganisira Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. (Hongyang).
Ongororo yacho yakaisa kukosha kwakakosha pazvinhu zvitatu:
Kugadzirwa kwesimbi yeringi uye kunyatsogadzirwa kwayo. Hongyang yakapa ruzivo rwakadzama nezvezvinhu zveringi yayo yeringi yeHYPM-508: 4Cr13 (X46Cr13) simbi isina tsvina, yakaomeswa ne vacuum kusvika HRC 54-56 panzvimbo yekushanda, ine maburi akaboorwa nepfuti zvichiita kuti dhayamita yemukati ive yakaenzana uye madziro akatsetseka. Mishumo yekuyedzwa kwekuoma kwechinhu chechitatu uye kuyerwa kwebore gauge zvakabatanidzwa mumagwaro epamberi pekutengesa - chiyero chekujeka chakasiyanisa Hongyang nevanokwikwidza vaingopa chete zvirevo zvezita.
Kuburitswa kwesimba uye magadzirirwo esimba. Chikwata cheinjiniya cheHongyang chakaverenga kuburitswa kwesimba kunotarisirwa kwematani 6-8 paawa kune pellet ye3.5mm broiler finisher pachiyero chekumanikidzwa kwe1:7.5, vachishandisa mota huru ye132 kW. Izvi zvakaenderana nezvinodiwa ne integrator pari zvino zve6 t/h neheadroom yekuwedzera kusvika 8 t/h mune ramangwana. Kusiyana neizvi, modhi yakafanana yemutengesi wekuEurope yaida mota ye160 kW kuti ibudise simba rakafanana, zvichikonzera kushushikana nezvemitengo yesimba yenguva refu.
Mareferensi uye kuzvipira kwebasa. Hongyang yakapa ruzivo rwekuonana nevatengi vatatu varipo muAsia - kusanganisira kambani inobatanidza huku muPhilippines uye kambani inogadzira chikafu muVietnam - avo vakasimbisa kuti kambani iyi yaipindura mushure mekutengesa. Hongyang yakazvipirawo kupa kambani iyi basa panzvimbo iyi nechikwata cheinjiniya chevanhu vaviri, kudzidziswa kwevashandi, uye waranti yemwedzi makumi maviri nemana pamuviri wedhiri (kunze kwekupfeka kwakajairika), nguva dzakapfuura mwero wemwedzi gumi nemiviri wakapihwa nevamwe vatengesi.
Sarudzo yekupedzisira yaisanganisira:
Zvishandiso: Ring die pellet mill HYPM-508 (132 kW) – Kugadzira pellet yekutanga
Chidimbu chemhete chespare: 508mm ID, maburi e3.5mm, CR 1:7.5 - Kugadzira backup
Goko reroller (maseti maviri): 216mm dia., 40CrMnTi - Zvikamu zvekupfeka
Chinotonhodza: Double-shaft, 5.5 kW - Chinotonhodza nemhepo
4. Kutanga Kugadzira uye Kugadzira
Hongyang yakatuma mainjiniya maviri kuNamakkal muna Chivabvu 2024. Maitiro ekupa basa akatora mazuva gumi nemaviri uye aisanganisira zvinhu zvakati wandei izvo mutengi akazoona zvakakosha pakushanda kwefekitori iyi:
Kurongeka kwakanyatsonaka. Kubatanidzwa kukuru kwemota kwaive kwakanyatsorongeka mukati me 0.04mm radial uye axial deviation - yakamanikana kupfuura 0.08mm yaHongyang yefekitori. Chikwata chemainjiniya chakapedza zuva rose chichirongeka chega, chichitsanangurira vashandi vekugadzirisa fekitari kuti kunyangwe kusarongeka kudiki kunokurumidza kupera kwemabheyaringi uye kunounza kudedera kunokanganisa kufanana kwemapellet.
Nzira yekupaza zvirimwa nemiti. Mainjiniya vakatarisira nzira yekupaza zvirimwa kwemaawa masere vachishandisa musanganiswa wehupfu hwesoya nemafuta uye bran remupunga wakanaka, zvinofamba ne60% yemota. Nzira iyi - iyo inogadzika magoko eroller pamusoro pemafuta uye inopisa maburi emafuta - ndiyo nzira yakajairika mumafekitori ekuEurope asi yakanga isingazivikanwe nevanoshanda muNamakkal. "Takanga tisati tamboita nzira yekupaza zvirimwa nemiti yakarongwa kare," akadaro mutariri wekugadzirisa. "Taimbotanga kupa zvekudya nekukurumidza uye tichitarisira zvakanaka."
Kudzidziswa kwevashandi. Mukati mezvikamu zvishanu, mainjiniya akagadzirisa roller gap (0.15-0.25mm inoshivirira chikafu chehuku), parameters yemhando yemutsi (0.3-0.4 MPa saturated steam, 80-85 degrees C die tembiricha), kuongorora kupfeka kwemutsi uchishandisa bore gauge, uye kugadzirisa matambudziko emhando yepellet. Zvinhu zvekudzidzisa zvakasiyiwa muChirungu nechiTamil, zvakagadzirirwa kuiswa uku.
PDI yekutanga yakaita 94.8% - ichipfuura chinangwa che92% uye ichisvika pa95% yemhando yepamusoro mukugadzira chikafu chehuku chekutengesa.
5. Mhedzisiro Yekushanda (Chivabvu 2024 - Iye Zvino)
Mushure memwedzi makumi maviri yekushanda nguva dzose, ichigadzira matani angangoita 36,000 echikafu chehuku, HYPM-508 yaburitsa mhedzisiro inotevera:
- Kubudirira kwemushonga: kwakawedzera kubva pa3.8-5.2 t/h (kusagadzikana) kusvika pa6.5 t/h (kusagadzikana), kuwedzera kwe +25% kusvika +71%
- Pellet Durability Index (PDI): yakawedzera kubva pa86-90% kusvika pa94-95%, kuwedzera kwemapoinzi +5 kusvika +9
- Kugadzirwa kwemari yekubhadharisa panguva yekuiswa mubhegi: kwakadzikira kubva pa7-9% kusvika pa2.8-3.2%, kudzikira kwe -63%
- Hupenyu hwebasa re "ring die": hwakavandudzwa kubva pamwedzi 9-11 kusvika kumwedzi 20+ (huri kuenderera mberi), kuvandudzwa kwe +100%+
- Nguva yekuzorora isina kurongwa (pamwedzi wega wega): yaderedzwa kubva pamaawa gumi nematanhatu kusvika kumaawa maviri, kudzikira kwe -87.5%
- Kushandiswa kwesimba patani: kwakaderera kubva pa21.6 kWh/t kusvika pa17.8 kWh/t, kuwedzera kuri -17.6%
Zvakacherechedzwa zvakawanda zvakakodzera kutariswa:
Kugadzikana kwemuchina wekushandisa. Kusiyana neyaimboshandiswa muchina wekugadzira, uyo waichinja-chinja nematani 1.4 paawa zvichienderana nemamiriro emuchina wekushandisa, HYPM-508 yakaramba iine bhendi diki re6.3-6.7 t/h muhupenyu hwayo hwese hwekushanda. Vashandi vanoti izvi zvinokonzerwa nekufanana kwemaburi emuchina wekushandisa akaboorwa nepfuti uye kunyatsojeka kwemugero wemuchina wekushandisa - zvinhu zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvirambe zvichidzvinyirirwa panzvimbo yese yemuchina wekushandisa.
Nguva yakareba yekufa. Ringi yekutanga inoramba ichishandiswa mushure memwedzi makumi maviri uye maawa angangoita 5,500 ekushanda, uye zviyero zvebore gauge zvichiratidza kusakara kwediametric pasi pe0.3mm pamusoro pefa. Kushanda uku kunoratidza zvakananga metallurgy ye4Cr13, maitiro ekuomesa vacuum, uye maitiro akarongwa ekupinda. Pakupfeka kwazvino, maneja wekugadzira anofungidzira kuti hupenyu hwese hwebasa hunopfuura mwedzi makumi maviri nemana - zvakapetwa kaviri kupfuura mwedzi 9-11 yakaitika kare.
Kushanda nesimba kwemagetsi. Kuderedzwa kwe17.6% mukushandiswa kwesimba patani - kubva pa21.6 kWh kusvika pa17.8 kWh - kunoburitsa kuchengetedza magetsi pagore kweinenge INR 840,000 pamutengo wemagetsi emumaindasitiri weTamil Nadu weINR 8.50 pa kWh. Mumakore gumi nemashanu ekushanda kwemuchina wepellet, kuchengetedza uku chete kunoenderana nemutengo wekutanga wemidziyo.
6. Maonero eVatengi
Muongororo yekutevera yakaitwa muna Zvita 2025, vatungamiriri veShri Balaji Feeds vakaona zvinhu zvitatu zvakasiyanisa ruzivo rweHongyang:
Chekutanga, pachena kwekutengesa kwekambani kwakavaka kuvimbana mari isati yachinjana. Mishumo yesimbi, data rekuongororwa kwehukukutu, uye mareferensi evatengi zvakananga zvakapa hwaro hwechokwadi hwesarudzo yekutenga iyo vashandi veinjiniya vemukati vaigona kusimbisa vega.
Chechipiri, hunhu hwekupa basa - kunyanya nzira yekupinda mubhizinesi nekudzidziswa kwevashandi - hwakatsanangurwa sekudyara mukushanda kwenguva refu kwete sechiitwa chekibox. "Vazhinji vanopa vanotuma mainjiniya kuti adzore switch obva aenda. Chikwata chaHongyang chakagara kusvika vashandi vedu vagona kufambisa chigayo vasingatarisirwi pane zvavakatarisirwa," akadaro maneja wekugadzira.
Chechitatu, mhinduro mushure mekutengesa yave yakafanana. Pakaitika dambudziko diki rechisimbiso chemhepo mumwedzi wechi14, timu yehunyanzvi yeHongyang yakaona dambudziko iri iri kure mukati memaawa matatu ndokutumira kit yechisimbiso chinotsiva chakasvika mumazuva manomwe - nekukurumidza kupfuura nguva yemazuva gumi kusvika gumi nemana yakataurwa nemutengesi weIndia yezvikamu zvakaenzana.
7. Mhedziso
Nyaya yeShri Balaji Feeds inoratidza musimboti unopfuura chero musika upi zvawo: mukugadzira chikafu chehuku, kugadzikana kwekugadzirwa ndiyo hwaro hwekuvakira mhando yepellet, kushanda zvakanaka kwemari, uye kugutsikana kwevatengi. Hongyang HYPM-508 ring die pellet mill - kuburikidza ne ring die yayo yakagadzirwa nemazvo, protocol yekurayira, uye rutsigiro rwekupindura mushure mekutengesa - yakabvumira musanganiswa wepakati peTamil Nadu kushandura mashandiro asina kuvimbika, anodhura zvakanyanya kuita pfuma yekugadzira yakagadzikana, inotungamirirwa nemhando.
Kune vanogadzira huku dzeIndia vanofamba mumusika umo chikafu chinomiririra 65-70% yemari yese yekugadzira, kuvimbika kwemidziyo hakusi nyore - chinhu chinodiwa pamakwikwi. Rekodhi yekushanda kwemwedzi makumi maviri paShri Balaji Feeds, kusanganisira 94%+ PDI, 17.6% kuchengetedza simba, uye zero ring die replacements, inoratidza kuti musanganiswa weHongyang wekugadzira kwakarurama uye kuzvipira kwebasa kunopa kukosha kunoyerwa uye kunogara kwenguva refu munzvimbo dzekugadzira chikafu dzine huwandu hwakawanda, dzinonyanya kukanganiswa nemutengo.
Mareferensi eData: [1] Alltech Agri-Food Outlook / Nhamba dzekugadzirwa kwechikafu cheIndia; [2] IMARC Group, “India Poultry Feed Market Report 2025-2030″; [3] Indian Journal of Poultry Science, nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pechimiro chechikafu uye mashandiro enyama yemombe; [4] ASAE Standard S269.4, “MaCubes, Pellets, and Crumbles – Tsanangudzo uye Nzira dzeKuona Kuwanda, Kugara, uye Hunyoro”; [5] USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, “India Poultry and Products Annual Report.”
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-29-2026
