Mamiriro Emusika
Thailand yakagadzira matani angangoita 900,000 echikafu chehove muna 2023, Nile tilapia ichiwana matani angangoita 220,000 ehuwandu ihwohwo. Kwemakumi emakore, chikafu chehove ichi chakagadzirwa semapellets anonyungudika nemhepo achishandisa mill ye ring die pellet - maitiro akajeka asi anodzikamisa hutano. Mapellets anonyungudika anopararira nekukurumidza mumvura yedziva, anoderedza kunaka kwemvura kuburikidza nekuunganidza chikafu chisina kudyiwa, uye anodzivisa varimi kutarisa kudya kunoonekwa uko chikafu chinoyangarara chinogonesa.
Imwe kambani yekudya yepakati nepakati iri mudunhu reNakhon Pathom muThailand yakaona njodzi iyi pamwe nemukana uyu. Varimi vemo vetilapia — vazhinji vavo vaishanda nemakeji ekurima mumigero nemadhamu — vakanga vachida chikafu chinobuda mumvura. Pfungwa yevarimi yaive inoshanda:
- Kudya kunoyangarara kunobvumira kutarisa kwesimba rekudya panguva chaiyo
- Inoderedza kudya zvakanyanya ne15–25%
- Zvinoita kuti madomasi asina kudyiwa adzoke panzvimbo pekuora pasi pedziva.
Asi tambo yekuisa ring die pelleting yemuchina uyu, yakaiswa muna 2015 uye yakayerwa pa2 t/awa, yakanga isingakwanisi kugadzira mapellets anoyangarara. Vatungamiriri vemuchina uyu vakatarisana nesarudzo yakaoma: kuisa mari muhunyanzvi hwekubvisa makemikari kana kusiya mugove wemusika kumakompani makuru ekudya akabatanidzwa.
Dambudziko reMutengi
Kugadzirwa kwemuchina uyu panguva yekuferefeta kwaive seizvi: Kunze kwemiganhu yechigadzirwa, muchina uyu wakatarisana nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kushanda. Mitengo yezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa zvehupfu hwehove — chinhu chakakosha chinobva mapuroteni — yakanga yakwira.18% pagore, vachidzvanya mari yakawanda pachigadzirwa chakanga chatotengeswa pamusika. Chigayo ichi chaisada chete kugona kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva asiwo nzira yekudyara chikafu chepamusoro-soro chaigona kururamisa mari yacho yezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa.
Vatungamiriri vakataura zvinhu zvina zvinodiwa kune vanoda kuendesa michina:
Gadzira chikafu chinoyangarara chine huwandu hwakawanda hwe0.38–0.45 g/cm³uye kugadzikana kwemvura kunopfuuramaawa maviri.
Wana mukana wekuwana zvishoma zve1.5 t/awapane musanganiswa wetilapia une28% mapuroteni asina kuchekwa.
Chengetedza starch gelatinization≥80%kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinogayiwa uye kuti pellet inokwanisa kusungwa pasina zvinhu zvekugadzira.
Kuisa nekugadza basa kwakazara mukati meHwindo rekuvharwa kwemazuva gumi nemanakuderedza kukanganiswa kwemari inowanikwa.
Kuongorora Kwehunyanzvi uye Kugadziriswa Kwemidziyo
Hongyang Feed Machinery yakaita ongororo yemazuva maviri panzvimbo iyi isati yaendesa chikumbiro. Chikwata chemainjiniya chakaongorora kwete chete huwandu hwezvinhu zviripo pamutsetse mutsva wekubvisa zvinhu asiwo kugona kwekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, zvivakwa zvemhepo, uye kugona kwemagetsi kugoverwa. Zvakawanikwa zvakawanda zvakaumba mamiriro ekupedzisira:
Chigayo chenyundo chaivepo — chakashongedzwa nechidzitiro che3.0 mm — chakagadzira hupfu hune dhayamita yepakati pezvikamu zvejometri inosvika580 µm, iyo iri mukati mehukuru hwe500–700 µm hunokurudzirwa pakubvisa sikuruu imwe chete. Kuchengeta chiyuniti ichi kwakadzivirira kushandisa mari yakawanda zvisina kufanira.
Boiler yemuchina wekugadzira, ine chiyero che500 kg/awa utsi hwakazara, yaiva nekukwanisa kwakakwana kupa conditioner pasina kushandisa jenareta itsva yesteam.
Kuongororwa kwemutoro wemagetsi kwakaratidzwa65 kVAine simba riripo pabhodhi guru rekugovera, rakakwana kune mota huru ye55 kW extruder inotarisirwa pamwe nemadhiraivha ekuwedzera.
Magadzirirwo akarongwa akatarisana neHYSP-100 imwe-screw wet-type extruder, inotsigirwa ne twin-shaft preconditioner, bhandi dryer, counterflow cooler, uye post-extrusion coating system.
Zvinyorwa zveBarrel & Screw Configuration:
Kurongeka kwebharero re extruder kwakaratidzwa nenzvimbo ina dzekupisa dzinodzorwa dzakazvimiririra, zvichibvumira mushandi kuvaka progressive thermal profile kubva pa feed inlet (Zone 1) kusvika pa die plate (Zone 4). Screw profile yaisanganisira zvikamu zviviri zve shear-lock zvakaiswa paZones 2 ne3 kuti zviwedzere simba re mechanical input uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti starch yakazara gelatinization - sarudzo yedhizaini yakasimbiswa netsvakiridzo yakaburitswa inoratidza kuti shear-lock placement inokanganisa simba re mechanical (SME) uye pellet expansion ratio mu cereal-fishmeal formulations.
Magadzirirwo Emaitiro uye Kudzora Hunhu
Kutora basamazuva mapfumbamwe— mazuva matatu pamberi penguva yakatarwa — panguva iyo mainjiniya ebasa reHongyang vakashanda pamwe chete nevashandisi vemuchina wekugadzira gorosi kuti vagadzire miganhu yakasimba yekushandisa musanganiswa wekutanga wetilapia. Nguva inotevera yekushandisa gorosi yakanyorwa uye yakabatanidzwa mumaitiro akajairwa emuchina wekugadzira gorosi.
Chinyorwa Chekushanda — Dambudziko reKushanduka-shanduka kweBuoyancy
Mumazuva matatu ekutanga ekugadzirwa, kuyerera kwemvura mu "pellet buoyancy" kwakaratidzwa nekushanduka-shanduka kwakanyanya kusingagamuchirwi, painenge15% yemapellets akatorwaKutadza kuyerera kupfuura maminetsi makumi matatu. Kuongororwa kwechikonzero chemudzi kwakaratidza dambudziko iri kubva pakusagadzikana kwemhando yemhepo inopfuta — kunyanya, kufema kwemhepo yakanyorova kubva mubhoyira panguva yekudiwa kwakanyanya.
Mhinduro yacho yaive mbiri:
- Kuiswa kwemusungo wekuparadzanisa steampakarepo kumusoro kwe conditioner
- Kuderedzwa kwekumanikidzwa kwemusoro wemhepo kubva6 bha kusvika 4.5 bha, izvo zvakavandudza kuoma kwemhepo ine utsi pasina kukanganisa tembiricha yekudziya
Chikamu chino, kunyange chiri chidiki, chinoratidza musimboti wakakosha: kubudirira kwetekinoroji yekubvisa zvinhu kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekutarisira kwekubatsira kwemuchina wekubvisa zvinhu (assistant utility management) pamwe nekushandisa muchina wekubvisa zvinhu (extruder).
Mhedzisiro
Mwedzi mitanhatu yedata rekugadzira mushure mekuiswa rakaunganidzwa uye rakaenzaniswa nepakutanga kwepurojekiti isati yatanga.
Kuvandudzwa kweFCR — Zvehupfumi Pakurima
Kuvandudzwa kweFCR kwakakosha zvikuru kana tichitarisa hupfumi hwepurazi. Pakurema kwekukohwa kwetilapia kwemagiramu mazana matanhatu uye mutengo wekudya kwemhuka unosvika anenge magiramu zana.THB 18 pa kilogiramu, kuderedzwa kubvaFCR 1.7 kusvika 1.4zvaimiririra kuchengetedza mari yekudya kweanengeTHB 3.24 pahove imwe neimwe.
Kune murimi wepakati nepakati anogadzira makejiHove 50,000 padenderedzwa rega rega, izvi zvakaenzana nepamusoro160,000 THB mukuchengetedza kwegore negore— nharo yekutengeserana inokwezva yekugamuchirwa.
Chikamu Chebasa
Chakaita kuti chirongwa ichi chisiyane nekutengeserana kwemidziyo kuri nyore kwaiva kudzika kwerutsigiro rweinjiniya panzvimbo yacho. Mainjiniya ebasa eHongyang akaramba ari pafekitori kwemazuva gumi nemana ekupa basa, uye mumwe mainjiniya mukuru wekugadzira zvinhu akagara kwevhiki imwe mushure mekupihwa basa rekudzidzisa timu yekushanda kuburikidza nekutanga kwekugadzira zvinhu pasina kutarisirwa.
Mabasa ekutsigira chaiwo aisanganisira:
Kunyora magwaro emhando dzakasiyana dzekuwedzera zvirimwa zvetilapia (starter crumble, grower 3 mm, finisher 4 mm).
Kudzidziswa kwevashandi vana vemitsetse pamusoro pekutanga/kudzima, maitiro ekuchinja maplate, uye kugadzirisa matambudziko ehuwandu hwemapellet uye kusarongeka kwechimiro.
Kushandiswa kwechirongwa chiri nyore chekutarisa hunhu hwemapellets, huwandu hwemvura, uye hunyoro hwemvura paawa imwe neimwe.
Zvinokurudzirwa zvekuchengetedza screws nebarrel zvichienderana nemaitiro ekupfeka akaonekwa mumaawa 200 ekutanga ekushanda.
Kushandiswa uku kwemvura mushure mekuiswa hakusi kwetsaona. Kubika kwemvura kubva muzvishandiso zvemumvura inzira iri pakati peinjiniya yemakanika, kemesitiri yezviyo, uye mashandiro emugayo. Vimbiso dzekushanda kwemidziyo, zvisinei nekuti dzinovimbika sei, dzinongoonekwa chete kana vashandi vanomhanyisa mutsetse uyu vachinzwisisa kwete chete.chiimaparamita anofanira kunge ari, asisei.
Mhedziso
Kuchinja kubva pamapellets anonyura kuenda kufeed extruded extruded kunomiririra zvinopfuura kusimudzira mutsetse wekugadzira - ipfungwa yekuchinja nzvimbo yezvigadzirwa zvefed mill uye kuzivikanwa kwemusika. Kune fed mill yekuThailand muchiitiko ichi, mari inoshandiswa muHongyang extrusion tekinoroji yakabudirira yakauya pane zvese zvinodiwa zvina zvepakutanga:
Chikafu chinoyangarara chine pamusoromvura yakadzikama kwemaawa maviri
Kusangana kwekubudiriraChinangwa che 1.5 t/awa
Gelatinization yesitachi nguva dzosepamusoro pe80%
Kuronga nguva yekushanda iyovakakunda hwindo rekuvharwa kwemazuva gumi nemana
Chidzidzo chakadzama, zvisinei, chiri muzvinoitika mushure mekuiswa kwekambani. Zvirevo zvemidziyo uye magadzirirwo emabasa zvinogona kunyorwa mubhuku remazano, asi kushandurwa kweruzivo, kubatana mukugadzirisa matambudziko, uye kurangwa kwekushanda kunoita kuti extruder itsva ive mukana wemakwikwi anogara kwenguva refu zvinoda chimwe chinhu chisinganyanyi kunyorwa: kuzvipira kwechokwadi kwemutengesi kuti chirongwa ichi chibudirire kusvika pakubudirira kwevatengi kunoyerwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-27-2026
