Pfupiso yeVatungamiriri
Mumusika weBelgium une makwikwi ekudya kwenguruve—uko chikafu chenguruve chinomiririra hafu yematani mamiriyoni 6.7 emugoho wegore negore—hunhu hwepellet hunosarudza zvakananga kubudirira kwebhizinesi. Chidzidzo ichi chinoongorora kuti chigayo chekudya chechizvarwa chechipiri muWest Flanders, Belgium, chakagadzirisa sei matambudziko ekugara kwenguva refu kwepellet mumutsara waro wekudya kwenguruve nekushandisa Hongyang ring dies neHYPM-series pellet mill. Mukati mezvikamu zviviri zvekugadzira, chigayo ichi chakashuma kuvandudzika kunoyerwa muPellet Durability Index (PDI), kudzikiswa kwe60% mumari yefaindi, uye hupenyu hwebasa re ring die hwakawedzera katatu mashandiro echigayo chayo chekare chakagadzirwa muEurope. Nyaya iyi inoratidza kuti kumanikidzwa kwakagadzirwa nemazvo uye kuenderana kwesimbi kubva kuHongyang kunoshandura sei mumhedzisiro yekugadzirwa inooneka yezvikamu zvechikafu zvakanongedzerwa.
1. Nzvimbo yeBelgian Feed: Chikero uye Hunyanzvi
Belgium ine chinzvimbo chakasiyana mukudya kwemhuka muEurope. Sekureva kweBelgian Feed Association (BFA), nyika iyi yakagadzira matani mamiriyoni 6.7 echikafu chakasanganiswa muna 2024, kuwedzera kwe3.3% gore negore mushure memakore matatu ekuzvimba. Chikafu chenguruve chega chinotora chikamu chinosvika 50% chehuwandu uhwu—anenge matani mamiriyoni 3.35—zvichiita kuti ive chikamu chikuru uye huwandu hwacho huri pamusoro peavhareji yeEurope.
Kubudirira uku kunotsigirwa neindasitiri iri kubatanidzwa. Nhengo dzeBFA dzakaderera kubva pamakambani zana nemakumi matatu nematatu kusvika zana nemakumi maviri nemashanu pakati pa2023 naKubvumbi 2025, nemabhizinesi madiki nepakati emhuri akatarisana nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kubva kumitemo yenitrogen, zvirambidzo zvekutengeserana, uye mitengo inokwira yezvekudya. Asi mukati menzvimbo iyi, vagadziri vane hunyanzvi vanoshandira zvikamu zvakati wandei - zvakaita sekudya kwenguruve dzevana vepakutanga - vanoramba vachiwana nzvimbo yekukura nekusiyanisa mhando yechikafu pane mutengo.
Chikamu chekudya kwenguruve chinokambaira chinonyanya kudiwa. Kudya kwenguruve kunodyiwa nenguruve ndiko kudya kwekutanga kwakasimba kunopiwa vana vanoyamwa, kazhinji kubva pazuva rechinomwe kusvika gumi rekuyamwisa kusvika pakurumurwa pamazuva makumi maviri nerimwe kusvika makumi maviri nemasere. Tsvagiridzo inogara ichiratidza kuti kudya kwenguruve dzinokambaira kunoderedza zvakanyanya kutambisa uye kunowedzera kudya zvichienzaniswa nemafomu akapwanywa kana akapwanyika. Dhayamita yakajairika yenguruve i2 kusvika ku3 mm, uye kuomarara kwenguruve kunofanira kuenzana nekugara kwenguva refu panguva yekubata nekupfava kunodiwa kune kugaya kwemhuka diki kusati kwakura.
2. Chigayo: Basa remhuri yeFlanders
Chigayo chekudya chemhando yepamusoro chakanyorwa pano ikambani yechipiri, inoshandira yakazvimiririra iri kuWest Flanders, makiromita angangoita makumi matatu kubva kumuganhu weFrance. Chivako ichi chinoburitsa matani angangoita 8,000 echikafu chemhando yepamusoro pamwedzi, chikafu chenguruve dzinokura nedzinobvisa nhumbi chichiita 20% yehuwandu hwese hwechikafu—matani angangoita 1,600 pamwedzi. Chigayo ichi chinoshanda nemapurazi enguruve angangoita makumi matanhatu muFlanders nekuchamhembe kweWallonia.
Kwemakore gumi, mhete dzinobva kugayo dzinofa kubva kumugadziri anozivikanwa wekuEurope. Mhete idzi dzakashanda zvakakwana pakudyara kwemurimi-mugadziri wezvirimwa (3.5 kusvika 4.0 mm pellet dhayamita), asi creep feed line—inoshandisa 2.5 mm die ine 1:8 compression ratio—yakaramba ichishanda zvakanaka. Vashandi vakataura nezvematambudziko matatu anoramba achiitika:
- Zvirango zvakawandisa.Ongororo yemusefa mushure mekuchekwa kwesimbi yakaratidza kuti 12–15% yefaindi muzvikafu zvinopera, zviri pamusoro pechinangwa chemugayo chepasi pe5%.
- Kuomarara kwepellets kusina kuenzana.Huwandu hwePDI hwakachinja-chinja pakati pe88 ne93 pakugadzirwa kwezvirimwa, zvichikonzera kusiyana kwekudya kwezvirimwa padanho repurazi.
- Hupenyu hwebasa renguva pfupi.Kufa kwezvikafu zvemhuka zvaifamba-famba kwaive kwasvika pakupera kwehupenyu hwematani 4,000 kusvika 4,500, pasi pehuwandu hwematani 6,000 hwakatarwa nekambani yekugaya chikafu.
Kuwanda kwemafuta enguruve ndiko kwakanyanya kukuvadza kutengeserana. Vagadziri venguruve vakataura kuti guruva rakaungana muzvirongwa zvekupa mhuka zvekudya otomatiki, uye vamwe vakaona kuderera kwekudya kwenguruve mumarara uko mari yekudya yaipfuura 10%. Zvichienderana nekuti kudya kwenguruve usati wabvisa nhumbu kunoratidza kushanda zvakanaka mushure mekubvisa nhumbu, indasitiri iyi yakaona dambudziko iri sedambudziko rekuramba vatengi vayo vachichengeta nhumbu.
3. Mhinduro: Hongyang HYPM Ring Die Technology
Pakutanga kwa2025, maneja wekugadzira wefekitori akatanga kuyedza neHongyang Feed Machinery (Liyang Hongyang) kuti pave nedhie rinotsiva re creep feed pellet mill, modhi yeCPM 7726-7. Zvakatsanangurwa naHongyang zve 2.5 mm piglet creep feed die zvaive:
Musiyano mukuru waiva mukugadzirwa kwesimbi uye maburi. Chishandiso cheHongyang che20CrMnTi chine carburizing heat treatment chinoita kuti pave nekuomarara kwepamusoro kwe60–62 HRC ukuwo chichichengetedza core yakasimba iri pasi pevhu, zvichipa simba rekudzivirira kupfeka pasina kuputsika. Iyi parameter yekubvisa maburi ine matanho matatu, yakagadzirwa nekutaurirana nechikwata chehunyanzvi chemuchina, yaida kugadzirisa kutenderera kwekumanikidzwa kwepellet: nzvimbo yekumanikidza inoshanda kwenguva refu kuti igare kwenguva refu, ichiteverwa nekurerukirwa kwakapedza nguva yekuderedza kufa kwesimbi pamafomula ekudya ane fiber yakawanda.
Panguva imwe chete, Hongyang yakapa nhungamiro yehunyanzvi pamatanho ekutonhodza steam: tembiricha yekutonhodza steam ye78–82 °C ine hunyoro hwe16–17% panzvimbo yekutonhodza conditioner, bhendi rakamanikana kupfuura renji rekushanda remuchina wekugadzira steam re72–85 °C.
| Paramita | Kufa kwekare kweEurope | Hongyang Die |
|---|---|---|
| Dhayamita yemukati | 650 mm | 650 mm |
| Dhayamita yegomba | 2.5 mm | 2.5 mm |
| Chiyero chekumanikidza chinoshanda | 1:8 | 1:8 |
| Zvinhu | X46Cr13 (1.4034) | 20CrMnTi yakakangwa + yakapiswa nekupisa |
| Kuoma kwepamusoro | 56–58 HRC | 60–62 HRC |
| Kupedzisa gomba | Kuboora kwakajairika | Pfuti yakaboorwa + yakakweshwa |
| Dhizaini yerubatsiro | Danho rimwe chete | Rubatsiro runoshanduka-shanduka (matanho matatu) |
4. Mhedzisiro: Kuvandudzwa Kunoyerwa MumaKPI Matatu
Chidimbu cheHongyang chakaiswa pakupera kwaKukadzi 2025. Chikwata chekugadzira chakaita ongororo yakarongeka yemazuva makumi matatu, vachienzanisa data nedata remwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura.
Nhamba Yekusimba Kwepellet (PDI)
PDI yakavandudzika ne5.6 muzana, asi mhedzisiro yakakosha yaive kudzikira kwebhendi remhando yepamusoro. Kusiyana kwePDI—kwakayerwa sehuwandu hwemin-max mumabheti gumi nemaviri akatariswa—kwakadzikira kubva pa5.3 kusvika pa1.3 muzana. Kune vatengi vefekitori, izvi zvaireva kugara kwakasimba kwepellet mukutumira kwega kwega, zvichibvisa zvichemo zvemhando yepamusoro zvaimbove zvakaita 40% yemafoni ekushandira vatengi.
Kuburikidza Nekushandisa Simba
Kuburitswa kwesimba kwakawedzera ne8.3% ukuwo kushandiswa kwesimba kwakaderera ne7.5%. Kudzikira kwemutoro wemota kwakakonzerwa nekupedzwa kwegomba rakaposhwa, izvo zvinoderedza kukweshana kwemadziro panguva yekubuda kwepellet. Pamuganho wesimba remuchina wekugadzira we€0.14/kWh, kuchengetedza simba chete kwakachinja kusvika pa€380 pamwedzi wemuchina wekudyara creep.
Hupenyu hweBasa rekufa
Kubva muna Chikumi 2026, Hongyang ring die yakanga yagadzira matani anopfuura 14,000 e creep feed uye yakanga ichiri mukati mekushanda zvakanaka padhayamita yegomba (yakayerwa pa 2.52–2.54 mm pa 12 sample points). Izvi zvinomiririra kanopfuura katatu hupenyu hwebasa rema die emutengesi wekare (4,000–4,500 tonnes). Nguva yakareba yebasa yakaderedza kuchinja kwema die kubva paanenge mana pagore kusvika kune rimwe, zvichichengetedza maawa anofungidzirwa makumi maviri nemana ekuzorora pagore uye angangoita €900 mukushanda uye kurasikirwa kwekugadzirwa pakuchinja kwega kwega kwakadziviswa.
| Chiyero | Nheyo yekutanga (avhareji yemwedzi mitanhatu) | Hongyang Die (30-mazuva avg.) |
|---|---|---|
| PDI (Pfost tumbling) | 90.2% | 95.8% |
| Nhamba yePDI (min–max) | 88.1%–93.4% | 95.2%–96.5% |
| Zvidimbu (<1 mm) mukudya kwapera | 13.5% | 4.8% |
| Chiyero | Nheyo yekutanga | Hongyang Die |
| Kuburitswa kwesimba (t/h) | 4.8 | 5.2 |
| Mutoro wemota (%) | 82% | 78% |
| Simba rakati (kWh/t) | 18.6 | 17.2 |
5. Kukanganisa Kwevatengi: Zvakacherechedzwa Nevarimi Venguruve
Chigayo ichi chakaongorora vatengi vayo makumi maviri nevashanu vekudya kwenguruve mavhiki matanhatu mushure mekunge Hongyang yatanga kugadzirwa zvizere. Zvakawanikwa zvikuru:
- Kuderedza marara ezvikafu.Mapurazi gumi nemapfumbamwe pamakumi maviri nemashanu (76%) akataura kuti guruva shoma mumidziyo yekudyisa shiri inokambaira uye mitsetse yekudyisa otomatiki. Vakawanda vakafungidzira kuti kutambisa chikafu kwakaderera ne5–8%, izvo zvinogona kureva €600–1,200 mumari inochengetwa pagore.
- Kugara kwenguva refu kwekudya.Mapurazi gumi nemanomwe akataura kuti nguruve diki dzinoita sedzinodya chikafu cheshiri dzinokambaira zvakaenzana pakati pemakwayana, uye pane zviitiko zvishoma zvekusarudzira nguruve diki apo nguruve dzinoburitsa guruva kuti dzisvike kumatumbu.
- Kuchinja kwekurumura mwana.Chikwata chehunyanzvi chemugayo chakatevera data repakati pekuyamwisa kubva kumapurazi mashanu akakumbira kutariswa kwekushanda. Ruzivo rwekutanga rwakaratidza kuvandudzika kushoma muhuremu hwekuyamwisa, kunyangwe sampuro yaive diki zvakanyanya uye nguva yekutarisa yaive pfupi zvakanyanya kuti iparadzanise hunhu hwepellet kubva mumwaka uye zvinhu zvinotarisirwa.
Kunyange zvazvo ongororo idzi dzepurazi dzichienderana nemaonero emunhu, dzinoenderana nepfungwa dzakawanikwa dzekutsvaga kuti mhando yemapellets inokanganisa zvakananga kudya kwembeva uye, pamwe nekuwedzera, kukura kwembeva isati yarumurwa.
6. Musiyano weHongyang: Kurangwa kweMaitiro Ari Kuseri kweNhamba
Zvakabuda pano hazvisi zvehunyanzvi humwe chete asi zvenzira yakarongeka yekugadzira dhizaini ye ring die uye kudzora mhando. Maitiro aHongyang akakodzera munyaya iyi anosanganisira:
- Kurapa kupisa kwemuchina wekuchenesa mafuta.Inopa kudzika kwakaenzana kwekesi yakaoma (0.8–1.2 mm ye 20CrMnTi alloy) ine simba rekabhoni rinodzorwa, ichideredza kukanganiswa kana tichienzanisa necarburizing yemhepo.
- Kupedzisa gomba rakaboorwa nepfuti.Kushivirira kwakasimba kwedhayamita (± 0.05 mm) uye kushata kwenzvimbo (Ra ≤ 0.8 μm) zvichienzaniswa nemaburi akaboorwa nenzira yetsika, zvichideredza kukweshana kwemadziro uye kuvandudza kuyerera kwepellet.
- Dhizaini yechiyero chekudzvanywa kwekushandiswa kwacho.Kunyange zvazvo nyaya iyi yakashandisa chiyero che1:8 chakajairika chekudya kwemhuka dzinokambaira, mainjiniya eHongyang vakashanda kubva paruzivo rwekugadzira—kusanganisira fiber content, mafuta akabatanidzwa, uye kuomarara kwechinangwa—kuti vasimbise chiyero vasati vagadzira.
- Kugadzira mamepu ekuoma kwechinhu chisati chatumirwa.Chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chinoongororwa kuomarara kweRockwell nepfungwa gumi nemasere pazviso zvese nepakati pedenderedzwa, uye mhedzisiro yacho yakanyorwa muchitupa chemhando yepamusoro chinoenderana nekutumira.
Kune chigayo chemuBelgian, musanganiswa uyu wakashandura kuita zvinhu zvitatu zvinokosha kune chero maneja wekugadzira: mhando yakagadzikana yepellet, mutengo wakaderera wekushanda, uye mashoma ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvisina kurongwa.
7. Mhedziso
Nyaya yeFlanders inoratidza kuti tekinoroji ye ring die yakagadzirwa nemazvo inopa kugadzirwa kunoyerwa uye purofiti yekutengeserana muchikamu chekudya chenguruve chinoda kudyiwa. Chigayo ichi chakawana PDI iri pamusoro pe95%, faindi dziri pasi pe5%, uye hupenyu hwebasa re dies hunopfuura matani zviuru gumi nemana—zvose izvi zvichideredza kushandiswa kwesimba rakati wandei neinopfuura 7%. Mhedzisiro iyi haina kuda kugadziriswa kana mari yekudyara, asi kungochinja kwemutengesi chete.
Mumusika wekudya weBelgium uri kubatanidzwa, uko vagadziri 125 vanokwikwidzana kuti pave nevatengi vane miganhu uye vari kuramba vachidzorwa, kuvimbika kwekushanda uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa nguva dzose ndizvo zvinoumba kuvimbika kwevatengi. Kune iyi kambani yemhuri, Hongyang's ring die yave chinhu chakanyarara asi chakakosha kune zvese zviri zviviri.
*Mashoko anowanikwa: Belgian Feed Association (BFA) nhamba dzegore negore dza2024 kuburikidza neVilt/Boerenbusiness; Prairie Swine Centre “Creep Feeding Handbook” (2025); ruzivo rwekugadzira rwakataurwa nekambani inogadzira zvekudya nemvumo yekuburitsa pachena kuti hazvizivikanwe.*
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-12-2026
